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South Africa

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Year Country Category title
10 May 1994 South Africa South Africa Nelson Mandela is inaugurated as democratic president
9 May 1994 South Africa South Africa The National Assembly elects Mandela president
2 May 1994 South Africa South Africa Mandela announces the ANC's election victory
27 April 1994 South Africa South Africa South Africans vote in the first nonracial democratic election
26 April 1994 South Africa South Africa Special voting begins in the first democratic election
24 April 1994 South Africa South Africa A car bomb kills people in Johannesburg
19 April 1994 South Africa South Africa The IFP agrees to participate in the election
31 March 1994 South Africa South Africa A state of emergency is declared in Natal
28 March 1994 South Africa South Africa The Shell House shooting occurs
15 March 1994 South Africa South Africa The ANC publishes its election manifesto
11 March 1994 South Africa South Africa The Bophuthatswana government collapses
21 January 1994 South Africa South Africa The ANC adopts the Reconstruction and Development Programme
18 November 1993 South Africa South Africa Negotiators endorse the interim constitution
15 October 1993 Norway South Africa Mandela and De Klerk receive the Nobel Peace Prize
25 July 1993 South Africa South Africa Gunmen attack St James Church
25 June 1993 South Africa South Africa Armed right-wingers storm the World Trade Centre
23 April 1993 South Africa South Africa Oliver Tambo dies
19 April 1993 South Africa South Africa A mass funeral is held for Chris Hani
13 April 1993 South Africa South Africa Mandela addresses the nation after Hani's assassination
10 April 1993 South Africa South Africa Chris Hani is assassinated
1 April 1993 South Africa South Africa The Multi-Party Negotiating Process begins
4 March 1993 South Africa South Africa A negotiation planning conference opens
26 January 1993 South Africa South Africa ANC and government delegations report progress in bilateral talks
15 November 1992 South Africa South Africa Forty-two political prisoners are released
16 October 1992 South Africa South Africa The Goldstone Commission exposes a military intelligence centre
26 September 1992 South Africa South Africa The ANC and government sign the Record of Understanding
21 September 1992 South Africa South Africa Mandela and De Klerk agree to resume negotiations
7 September 1992 South Africa South Africa Ciskei forces carry out the Bisho Massacre
26 August 1992 South Africa South Africa ANC and government delegations hold a bilateral summit
3 August 1992 South Africa South Africa A forty-eight-hour general strike begins
21 June 1992 South Africa South Africa The ANC suspends negotiations after Boipatong
17 June 1992 South Africa South Africa The Boipatong Massacre takes place
16 June 1992 South Africa South Africa The ANC begins an open-ended mass-action campaign
16 May 1992 South Africa South Africa CODESA II ends in deadlock
17 March 1992 South Africa South Africa White voters approve continued negotiations
24 February 1992 South Africa South Africa The ANC submits a constitutional blueprint to CODESA
8 January 1992 South Africa South Africa The ANC launches its electoral campaign
21 December 1991 South Africa South Africa CODESA parties sign the Declaration of Intent
20 December 1991 South Africa South Africa CODESA begins at the World Trade Centre
30 November 1991 South Africa South Africa Parties agree to convene CODESA
26 October 1991 South Africa South Africa The Patriotic Front Conference opens
14 September 1991 South Africa South Africa The National Peace Accord is signed
9 August 1991 South Africa South Africa MK holds its first conference inside South Africa
22 July 1991 South Africa South Africa The ANC demands action over Inkathagate
5 July 1991 South Africa South Africa Nelson Mandela is elected ANC president
2 July 1991 South Africa South Africa The ANC opens its first national conference inside South Africa since 1959
17 June 1991 South Africa South Africa Parliament repeals the Population Registration Act
2 May 1991 South Africa South Africa De Klerk offers constitutional and security-law concessions
15 April 1991 Zimbabwe South Africa The ANC and PAC begin a joint conference in Harare
16 February 1991 South Africa South Africa Bheki Mlangeni is killed by a parcel bomb
12 February 1991 South Africa South Africa The government and ANC sign the D. F. Malan Accord
29 January 1991 South Africa South Africa Mandela and Buthelezi address an ANC-IFP peace summit
28 January 1991 South Africa South Africa The ANC demands removal of police implicated in violence
14 December 1990 South Africa South Africa The ANC opens its first consultative conference inside South Africa in thirty years
13 December 1990 South Africa South Africa Oliver Tambo returns after thirty years in exile
6 December 1990 South Africa South Africa Mass marches demand release of political prisoners
1 November 1990 South Africa South Africa The government publishes political-prisoner release guidelines
8 October 1990 South Africa South Africa The government permits thousands of exiles to return
20 September 1990 South Africa South Africa The ANC and IFP hold high-level peace talks
11 September 1990 South Africa South Africa Democratic organizations meet De Klerk about political violence
31 August 1990 South Africa South Africa The UN committee warns about escalating transition violence
17 August 1990 South Africa South Africa ANC and COSATU allege security-force orchestration of violence
16 August 1990 South Africa South Africa Mandela and De Klerk hold emergency talks on violence
15 August 1990 South Africa South Africa Troops enter townships amid ANC-IFP violence
6 August 1990 South Africa South Africa The ANC and government sign the Pretoria Minute
7 June 1990 South Africa South Africa The nationwide state of emergency is lifted
2 May 1990 South Africa South Africa The ANC and government adopt the Groote Schuur Minute
26 March 1990 South Africa South Africa Police kill demonstrators at Sebokeng
4 March 1990 South Africa South Africa Political prisoners begin a hunger strike on Robben Island
11 February 1990 South Africa South Africa Nelson Mandela is released
10 February 1990 South Africa South Africa De Klerk announces Mandela's unconditional release
2 February 1990 South Africa South Africa The government unbans liberation organizations
28 November 1989 South Africa South Africa De Klerk orders the National Security Management System dismantled
29 October 1989 South Africa South Africa A mass rally welcomes the released leaders
15 October 1989 South Africa South Africa Seven senior political prisoners are released
20 September 1989 South Africa South Africa F. W. de Klerk becomes state president
13 September 1989 South Africa South Africa A mass peace march takes place in Cape Town
6 September 1989 South Africa South Africa A segregated general election meets mass protest
7 December 1988 South Africa South Africa Nelson Mandela is moved to Victor Verster Prison
11 June 1988 United Kingdom South Africa The Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute is held
24 February 1988 South Africa South Africa The government restricts the UDF and allied organizations
5 November 1987 South Africa South Africa Govan Mbeki is released from prison
9 August 1987 South Africa South Africa Mineworkers begin a historic national strike
7 May 1987 South Africa South Africa A bomb destroys COSATU House
6 May 1987 South Africa South Africa The National Party wins the white general election
5 October 1986 South Africa South Africa NACTU is founded
2 October 1986 United States South Africa The US Congress overrides Reagan's veto of sanctions
16 June 1986 South Africa South Africa The state suppresses the tenth anniversary of Soweto
12 June 1986 South Africa South Africa A nationwide state of emergency is imposed
7 March 1986 South Africa South Africa The 1985 state of emergency is lifted
30 November 1985 South Africa South Africa Workers establish COSATU
15 October 1985 South Africa South Africa Police carry out the Trojan Horse killings
15 August 1985 South Africa South Africa P. W. Botha delivers the Rubicon speech
20 July 1985 South Africa South Africa The government declares a partial state of emergency
27 June 1985 South Africa South Africa Security forces abduct and kill the Cradock Four
14 June 1985 Botswana South Africa South African forces raid Gaborone
21 March 1985 South Africa South Africa Police carry out the Langa Massacre in Uitenhage
10 February 1985 South Africa South Africa Zindzi Mandela rejects conditional freedom for her father
10 December 1984 Norway South Africa Desmond Tutu receives the Nobel Peace Prize
5 November 1984 South Africa South Africa A major Transvaal stay-away begins
3 September 1984 South Africa South Africa The Vaal uprising begins
28 August 1984 South Africa South Africa Indian voters largely boycott tricameral elections
22 August 1984 South Africa South Africa Coloured voters largely boycott tricameral elections
2 November 1983 South Africa South Africa White voters approve the tricameral constitution
20 August 1983 South Africa South Africa The United Democratic Front is launched
20 May 1983 South Africa South Africa The Church Street bombing strikes air-force headquarters
18 December 1982 South Africa South Africa MK bombs the Koeberg nuclear power station site
9 December 1982 Lesotho South Africa South African commandos carry out the Maseru raid
17 August 1982 Mozambique South Africa Ruth First is assassinated
31 March 1982 South Africa South Africa Nelson Mandela is transferred to Pollsmoor Prison
5 February 1982 South Africa South Africa Neil Aggett dies in detention
17 December 1981 United States South Africa The UN proclaims a year of mobilization for sanctions
9 August 1981 South Africa South Africa MK attacks Voortrekkerhoogte military headquarters
31 May 1981 South Africa South Africa Nationwide protests reject Republic Day celebrations
30 January 1981 Mozambique South Africa South African forces raid Matola
3 November 1980 South Africa South Africa Black journalists begin a nationwide strike
24 September 1980 South Africa South Africa The government closes more than seventy Black schools
1 June 1980 South Africa South Africa MK attacks the Sasol fuel plants
4 April 1980 South Africa South Africa MK attacks Booysens Police Station
25 January 1980 South Africa South Africa The Silverton Siege takes place
8 January 1980 South Africa South Africa The ANC declares the Year of the Charter
14 April 1979 South Africa South Africa FOSATU is founded
6 April 1979 South Africa South Africa Solomon Mahlangu is executed
28 September 1978 South Africa South Africa P. W. Botha becomes prime minister
3 May 1978 Angola South Africa South African forces attack Cassinga
19 October 1977 South Africa South Africa Black Wednesday suppresses organizations and newspapers
25 September 1977 South Africa South Africa Thousands attend Steve Biko's funeral
12 September 1977 South Africa South Africa Steve Biko dies in police custody
18 August 1977 South Africa South Africa Steve Biko is arrested near Grahamstown
21 March 1977 South Africa South Africa Steve Biko is detained again
21 December 1976 South Africa South Africa The SASO Nine are convicted
17 October 1976 South Africa South Africa Resistance erupts again in Soweto
15 September 1976 South Africa South Africa A mass stay-away grips Cape Town
23 August 1976 South Africa South Africa Cape students demonstrate in solidarity with Soweto
11 August 1976 South Africa South Africa The youth uprising spreads across Cape Town townships
4 August 1976 South Africa South Africa Soweto residents march and strike
2 August 1976 South Africa South Africa University of the Western Cape students begin a solidarity boycott
17 June 1976 South Africa South Africa Resistance and police repression intensify in Soweto
16 June 1976 South Africa South Africa Students launch the Soweto uprising
1 January 1976 United States South Africa The UN Centre Against Apartheid is established
12 October 1974 South Africa South Africa Black Consciousness activists are detained after the Viva Frelimo rallies
26 September 1974 United States South Africa The ANC and PAC receive observer status at the UN
25 September 1974 South Africa South Africa Viva Frelimo rallies celebrate Mozambique's liberation
1 February 1974 Botswana South Africa SASO leader Onkgopotse Tiro is killed by a parcel bomb
30 November 1973 United States South Africa The UN adopts the Apartheid Convention
11 September 1973 South Africa South Africa Police shoot striking miners at Western Deep Levels
2 March 1973 South Africa South Africa The state restricts Black Consciousness leaders
9 January 1973 South Africa South Africa The Durban strikes begin at Coronation Brick and Tile
1 July 1969 South Africa South Africa SASO adopts its constitution and elects Steve Biko president
2 December 1968 United States South Africa The UN calls for suspension of cultural and sporting exchanges
18 June 1968 Sweden South Africa Oliver Tambo calls for stronger international action against apartheid
2 August 1967 Zimbabwe South Africa The Luthuli Detachment enters the Wankie campaign
21 July 1967 South Africa South Africa Albert Luthuli dies
9 May 1966 South Africa South Africa Bram Fischer is sentenced to life imprisonment
21 March 1966 South Africa South Africa The first International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is observed
11 February 1966 South Africa South Africa District Six is declared a white group area
11 November 1965 South Africa South Africa Bram Fischer is arrested after months underground
25 June 1965 South Africa South Africa Detention without trial is extended to 180 days
18 August 1964 Switzerland South Africa South Africa is excluded from the Tokyo Olympic Games
12 June 1964 South Africa South Africa Rivonia defendants receive life sentences
20 April 1964 South Africa South Africa Nelson Mandela delivers the 'I am prepared to die' statement
4 March 1964 South Africa South Africa The prosecution rests in the Rivonia Trial
13 November 1963 United States South Africa The UN General Assembly urges an oil embargo against South Africa
9 October 1963 South Africa South Africa The Rivonia accused first appear in court
5 September 1963 South Africa South Africa Looksmart Ngudle dies in detention
7 August 1963 United States South Africa The UN Security Council calls for a voluntary arms embargo
11 July 1963 South Africa South Africa Police raid Liliesleaf Farm
26 June 1963 South Africa South Africa Walter Sisulu broadcasts on underground ANC radio
25 May 1963 Ethiopia South Africa The Organization of African Unity is founded
2 April 1963 United States South Africa The UN Special Committee on Apartheid holds its first meeting
22 November 1962 South Africa South Africa The Paarl Revolt is suppressed
7 November 1962 South Africa South Africa Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison
6 November 1962 United States South Africa The UN General Assembly adopts Resolution 1761
13 October 1962 South Africa South Africa Helen Joseph becomes the first person placed under house arrest under the Sabotage Act
5 August 1962 South Africa South Africa Nelson Mandela is arrested near Howick
16 March 1962 South Africa South Africa Poqo members clash with police in Langa
1 February 1962 South Africa South Africa Albert Luthuli rejects the Bantustan policy
16 December 1961 South Africa South Africa Umkhonto we Sizwe begins its sabotage campaign
5 July 1961 South Africa South Africa The Indemnity Act shields officials from accountability
31 May 1961 South Africa South Africa The Republic is proclaimed amid liberation protests
29 May 1961 South Africa South Africa A national stay-at-home begins
12 May 1961 South Africa South Africa The General Law Amendment Act expands detention powers
1 April 1961 South Africa South Africa Robben Island becomes a prison for political prisoners
29 March 1961 South Africa South Africa The Treason Trial defendants are acquitted
25 March 1961 South Africa South Africa The All-in African Conference opens in Pietermaritzburg
15 March 1961 United Kingdom South Africa South Africa announces withdrawal from the Commonwealth
2 March 1961 South Africa South Africa Bishop Ambrose Reeves resigns after deportation
23 January 1961 South Africa South Africa The UN Secretary-General reports no agreement on apartheid
7 October 1960 South Africa South Africa The defence closes its case in the Treason Trial
26 August 1960 South Africa South Africa Emergency regulations imposed after Sharpeville are lifted
12 April 1960 Botswana South Africa Oliver Tambo reaches Francistown on his journey into exile
8 April 1960 South Africa South Africa The government bans the ANC and PAC
7 April 1960 South Africa South Africa The Unlawful Organisations Act comes into force
1 April 1960 United States South Africa The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 134
30 March 1960 South Africa South Africa The apartheid government declares a state of emergency
30 March 1960 South Africa South Africa Philip Kgosana leads a mass march into Cape Town
28 March 1960 South Africa South Africa A national stay-at-home protests the Sharpeville Massacre
27 March 1960 South Africa South Africa Police temporarily suspend enforcement of pass laws
25 March 1960 United States South Africa African and Asian states request an urgent UN Security Council meeting
23 March 1960 South Africa South Africa PAC leaders are charged after the anti-pass campaign
22 March 1960 South Africa South Africa The government defends police action after Sharpeville
21 March 1960 South Africa South Africa Police carry out the Sharpeville Massacre
21 March 1960 South Africa South Africa Police shoot anti-pass protesters in Langa
16 March 1960 South Africa South Africa Robert Sobukwe announces the PAC anti-pass campaign
14 March 1960 South Africa South Africa The defence opens its case in the Treason Trial
19 June 1959 South Africa South Africa The Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act is passed
6 April 1959 South Africa South Africa The Pan Africanist Congress is founded
3 September 1958 South Africa South Africa Hendrik Verwoerd becomes prime minister
1 April 1957 South Africa South Africa The Alexandra bus boycott wins a compromise
7 January 1957 South Africa South Africa The Alexandra bus boycott begins
5 December 1956 South Africa South Africa Police arrest Congress Alliance leaders for treason
9 August 1956 South Africa South Africa Twenty thousand women march on the Union Buildings
27 October 1955 South Africa South Africa Women march against passes in Pretoria
26 June 1955 South Africa South Africa The Congress of the People adopts the Freedom Charter
25 June 1955 South Africa South Africa The Congress of the People opens at Kliptown
5 March 1955 South Africa South Africa The South African Congress of Trade Unions is founded
9 February 1955 South Africa South Africa Police begin the forced removal of Sophiatown
17 April 1954 South Africa South Africa The Federation of South African Women is founded
5 October 1953 South Africa South Africa The Bantu Education Act becomes law
4 March 1953 South Africa South Africa The Public Safety Act expands emergency powers
2 December 1952 South Africa South Africa Defiance Campaign leaders are convicted
30 July 1952 South Africa South Africa Police arrest leaders of the Defiance Campaign
26 June 1952 South Africa South Africa The Defiance Campaign begins
22 June 1952 South Africa South Africa Volunteers pledge themselves to the Defiance Campaign
6 April 1952 South Africa South Africa Mass meetings protest the Van Riebeeck tercentenary
27 June 1951 South Africa South Africa The Bantu Authorities Act establishes segregated administrations
7 July 1950 South Africa South Africa The Group Areas Act becomes law
7 July 1950 South Africa South Africa The Population Registration Act becomes law
26 June 1950 South Africa South Africa The first national Freedom Day protest takes place
20 June 1950 South Africa South Africa The Communist Party dissolves before it is banned
1 May 1950 South Africa South Africa Police kill protesters during the May Day strike
17 December 1949 South Africa South Africa The ANC adopts the Programme of Action
13 January 1949 South Africa South Africa The Durban riots begin
26 May 1948 South Africa South Africa The National Party wins the general election
9 March 1947 South Africa South Africa The Doctors' Pact unites African and Indian congresses
8 December 1946 United States South Africa The United Nations condemns discrimination against Indians in South Africa
12 August 1946 South Africa South Africa African mineworkers launch a mass strike
13 June 1946 South Africa South Africa Indian South Africans begin the Passive Resistance Campaign
2 April 1944 South Africa South Africa The ANC Youth League is founded
16 December 1943 South Africa South Africa The ANC adopts African Claims
6 September 1939 South Africa South Africa South Africa enters the Second World War
31 August 1936 South Africa South Africa The Native Trust and Land Act comes into operation
7 April 1936 South Africa South Africa Parliament passes the Representation of Natives Act
15 December 1935 South Africa South Africa The All-African Convention opens in Bloemfontein
19 May 1930 South Africa South Africa White women receive the parliamentary vote
30 September 1927 South Africa South Africa The Immorality Act criminalizes interracial relationships
1 September 1927 South Africa South Africa The Native Administration Act centralizes racial rule
8 May 1925 South Africa South Africa Afrikaans becomes an official language of the Union
14 June 1923 South Africa South Africa The Natives Urban Areas Act institutionalizes influx control
10 March 1922 South Africa South Africa The government declares martial law during the Rand Revolt
29 July 1921 South Africa South Africa The Communist Party of South Africa is founded
24 May 1921 South Africa South Africa Police carry out the Bulhoek Massacre
17 February 1920 South Africa South Africa African mineworkers begin a major Witwatersrand strike
7 January 1919 South Africa South Africa The Bantu Women's League launches anti-pass resistance
7 January 1919 South Africa South Africa The Industrial and Commercial Workers Union is founded
21 February 1917 United Kingdom South Africa The SS Mendi sinks in the English Channel
26 June 1914 South Africa South Africa The Indian Relief Act settles major satyagraha demands
6 November 1913 South Africa South Africa Gandhi leads the Great March across the Transvaal border
19 June 1913 South Africa South Africa The Natives Land Act takes effect
14 June 1913 South Africa South Africa The Immigration Regulation Act restricts Asian migration
22 October 1912 South Africa South Africa Gopal Krishna Gokhale begins a South African tour
8 January 1912 South Africa South Africa The South African Native National Congress is founded
11 July 1911 South Africa South Africa The last indenture ship arrives in Natal
27 April 1911 South Africa South Africa Indian passive resistance is suspended for negotiations
31 May 1910 South Africa South Africa The Union of South Africa is established
26 February 1910 South Africa South Africa A day of mourning protests the exclusionary Union
20 September 1909 United Kingdom South Africa The South Africa Act receives royal assent
16 August 1908 South Africa South Africa Resisters burn registration certificates in Johannesburg
11 January 1908 South Africa South Africa Gandhi and other resisters are sentenced
11 September 1906 South Africa South Africa Johannesburg meeting adopts the Satyagraha pledge
10 June 1906 South Africa South Africa Colonial forces massacre Bhambatha's fighters at Mome Gorge
4 April 1906 South Africa South Africa Bhambatha's fighters ambush a colonial police column
20 March 1904 South Africa South Africa Johannesburg authorities burn the Coolie Location
4 June 1903 South Africa South Africa Indian Opinion publishes its first issue
31 May 1902 South Africa South Africa The Treaty of Vereeniging ends the South African War
11 October 1899 South Africa South Africa The South African War begins
22 August 1894 South Africa South Africa The Natal Indian Congress is founded
27 July 1894 South Africa South Africa The Glen Grey Act advances territorial segregation
7 June 1893 South Africa South Africa Gandhi is expelled from a first-class railway carriage
8 February 1884 South Africa South Africa King Cetshwayo dies
13 August 1882 South Africa South Africa King Sekhukhune is assassinated
2 December 1879 South Africa South Africa British forces capture King Sekhukhune
2 September 1879 South Africa South Africa Britain imposes a peace settlement on the Zulu Kingdom
28 August 1879 South Africa South Africa British forces capture King Cetshwayo
4 July 1879 South Africa South Africa British forces defeat the Zulu army at Ulundi
29 March 1879 South Africa South Africa British forces defeat the Zulu army at Kambula
28 March 1879 South Africa South Africa Zulu forces defeat a British column at Hlobane
22 January 1879 South Africa South Africa The Zulu army defeats the British at Isandlwana
22 January 1879 South Africa South Africa Zulu forces attack Rorke's Drift
20 January 1879 South Africa South Africa British troops establish an exposed camp at Isandlwana
12 January 1879 South Africa South Africa British forces invade the Zulu Kingdom
11 December 1878 South Africa South Africa Britain delivers an ultimatum to King Cetshwayo
12 April 1877 South Africa South Africa Britain annexes the Transvaal
26 November 1860 South Africa South Africa The Belvedere brings a second group of indentured workers
16 November 1860 South Africa South Africa The first indentured Indian workers arrive in Natal
24 December 1850 South Africa South Africa AmaNgqika attacks begin the Eighth War of Dispossession
23 December 1847 South Africa South Africa Britain proclaims British Kaffraria
16 December 1838 South Africa South Africa Voortrekker forces defeat the Zulu army at Blood River
1 December 1838 South Africa South Africa Compulsory apprenticeship of formerly enslaved people ends
12 May 1835 South Africa South Africa British forces kill King Hintsa
29 April 1835 South Africa South Africa King Hintsa enters the British camp under safe conduct
1 December 1834 South Africa South Africa Slavery is formally abolished in the Cape Colony
17 July 1828 South Africa South Africa Ordinance 50 removes pass restrictions on Khoikhoi
22 April 1819 South Africa South Africa Makhanda leads an attack on Grahamstown
27 October 1808 South Africa South Africa Enslaved and Khoikhoi workers march on Cape Town
8 January 1806 South Africa South Africa Britain defeats the Batavian forces at Blaauwberg
31 March 1799 South Africa South Africa Johannes van der Kemp arrives at the Cape
16 September 1795 South Africa South Africa The Cape Colony capitulates to Britain
7 August 1795 South Africa South Africa British forces attack the Dutch position at Muizenberg
19 May 1659 South Africa South Africa Khoikhoi resistance begins the First Khoikhoi-Dutch War
1 May 1659 South Africa South Africa Van Riebeeck creates a burgher militia
6 May 1658 South Africa South Africa The Hasselt brings enslaved West Africans to the Cape
28 March 1658 South Africa South Africa The Amersfoort brings enslaved Angolans to the Cape
2 March 1653 South Africa South Africa Abraham, an enslaved stowaway, reaches the Cape
6 April 1652 South Africa South Africa The VOC establishes a settlement at the Cape