The United Democratic Front is launched

Mandela, Walter Sisulu, Raymond Mhlaba and Andrew Mlangeni were moved from Robben Island, partly as the state began considering political contacts.

A parcel bomb sent by apartheid security agents killed the scholar and activist at Eduardo Mondlane University in Maputo.

The attack on houses in Lesotho killed ANC members and Basotho civilians, provoking international condemnation of apartheid's cross-border warfare.

Explosives damaged the unfinished plant near Cape Town shortly before fuel was to be loaded, delaying the project without causing deaths.

An MK car bomb outside the South African Air Force headquarters killed military personnel and civilians and wounded many others.

The referendum created separate parliamentary chambers for white, Coloured and Indian representatives while excluding the African majority.

Low participation in elections for the House of Representatives reflected mass rejection of a constitution designed to divide oppressed communities.

The boycott of the House of Delegates election weakened the legitimacy of the apartheid government's constitutional reform.

Township residents protested rent increases and illegitimate Black local authorities. Police violence helped turn the revolt into a national period of insurrection.

Workers and students launched a two-day stay-away against repression, unequal education and apartheid local government, demonstrating growing coordination between workplace and township struggles.