The committee created by the General Assembly began coordinating international scrutiny and opposition to the apartheid system.
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Nelson Mandela is arrested near Howick 5 August 1962
Police captured Mandela after seventeen months underground. He had organized resistance and travelled abroad to seek political and military support.
Helen Joseph becomes the first person placed under house arrest under the Sabotage Act 13 October 1962
The restriction isolated Joseph from political and social life and illustrated how banning and house arrest targeted women as well as men in the liberation movement.
The UN General Assembly adopts Resolution 1761 6 November 1962
The resolution condemned apartheid, called for diplomatic and economic measures, and established the Special Committee on South Africa to sustain international action.
Nelson Mandela is sentenced to five years in prison 7 November 1962
Mandela was punished for inciting the 1961 stay-at-home and leaving South Africa without a passport. He used the trial to challenge the legitimacy of white minority rule.
The Paarl Revolt is suppressed 22 November 1962
Poqo members marched from Mbekweni toward Paarl to attack state institutions and free detainees. Police clashes killed activists and led to wide arrests and executions.
👉 The UN Special Committee on Apartheid holds its first meeting Current 2 April 1963
The committee created by the General Assembly began coordinating international scrutiny and opposition to the apartheid system.
The Organization of African Unity is founded 25 May 1963
Independent African states formed the OAU with liberation from colonialism and white minority rule among its central commitments. It supported movements across southern Africa.
Walter Sisulu broadcasts on underground ANC radio 26 June 1963
Sisulu spoke through a clandestine station after the ANC's banning, demonstrating that the organization continued communicating and organizing underground.
Police raid Liliesleaf Farm 11 July 1963
Police arrested much of the underground leadership at Rivonia and seized documents relating to MK strategy. The raid led directly to the Rivonia Trial.
Resolution 181 asked states to stop supplying arms, ammunition and military vehicles to South Africa, marking an important escalation of international pressure.
Looksmart Ngudle dies in detention 5 September 1963
Ngudle died after being held by the Security Branch. The state claimed suicide; his death became an early symbol of abuse and secrecy in political detention.