Looksmart Ngudle dies in detention

The committee created by the General Assembly began coordinating international scrutiny and opposition to the apartheid system.

Independent African states formed the OAU with liberation from colonialism and white minority rule among its central commitments. It supported movements across southern Africa.

Sisulu spoke through a clandestine station after the ANC's banning, demonstrating that the organization continued communicating and organizing underground.

Police arrested much of the underground leadership at Rivonia and seized documents relating to MK strategy. The raid led directly to the Rivonia Trial.

Resolution 181 asked states to stop supplying arms, ammunition and military vehicles to South Africa, marking an important escalation of international pressure.

Eleven defendants were charged with sabotage and conspiracy following the Liliesleaf raid. The political trial threatened the accused with the death penalty.

Resolution 1899 called on states to stop supplying petroleum, one of the earliest international attempts to use economic pressure against apartheid.

After months of evidence, the prosecution completed its case. The defendants then prepared to explain their political aims and resistance to apartheid.

Speaking from the dock, Mandela described the struggle against white and Black domination and defended the goal of a democratic and free society.

Eight defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment rather than death. Their removal weakened internal structures but made the trial a worldwide symbol of resistance.