The ANC launches its electoral campaign

Parties, unions, religious bodies and civic organizations agreed to codes of conduct and monitoring mechanisms intended to reduce political violence.

Dozens of anti-apartheid organizations called for an elected constituent assembly and an interim government to manage the transition.

Nineteen organizations approved an agenda and arrangements for an inclusive convention on constitutional principles and transitional government.

Political organizations and international observers gathered for the first broad multiparty constitutional convention.

Most participating parties committed themselves to democracy, constitutional government and a peaceful transition.

The proposal combined a short multiparty transition with an elected constitution-making process and a temporary coalition government.

In a whites-only referendum, a large majority supported De Klerk's negotiation policy, weakening the white right's claim to block the transition.

Negotiators failed to agree on constitution-making thresholds and interim arrangements, leading the ANC to intensify mass action.

Rallies and work stoppages demanded an interim government and an elected constituent assembly.

Attackers killed more than forty residents of Boipatong. Survivors and the ANC alleged complicity or failure by state security forces.