📅 9 August 1987
More than 300,000 Black mineworkers struck over wages, safety and working conditions in the largest industrial action in South African history to that point.
📅 2 July 1991
Delegates rebuilt the legal mass organization and prepared it for negotiations and electoral politics.
📅 5 July 1991
Mandela succeeded Oliver Tambo, while Walter Sisulu became deputy president and Cyril Ramaphosa secretary-general.
📅 24 February 1992
The proposal combined a short multiparty transition with an elected constitution-making process and a temporary coalition government.
📅 16 May 1992
Negotiators failed to agree on constitution-making thresholds and interim arrangements, leading the ANC to intensify mass action.
📅 3 August 1992
The Tripartite Alliance used mass action to demand an interim government, majority rule and effective measures against political violence.
📅 26 August 1992
The meeting sought a way out of the post-Boipatong deadlock and prepared the ground for renewed constitutional negotiations.
📅 26 September 1992
The agreement addressed political prisoners, hostels, dangerous weapons, an elected constituent assembly and mechanisms to overcome deadlock.
📅 26 January 1993
The parties discussed security, a Government of National Unity, media reform and incorporation of the nominally independent homelands.
📅 4 March 1993
Participants agreed to resume broad talks and establish a new Multi-Party Negotiating Process after CODESA's failure.
📅 1 April 1993
Representatives of twenty-six organizations resumed detailed negotiations on the constitutional transition.
📅 18 November 1993
Twenty parties approved the constitutional framework, electoral law and Transitional Executive Council for the democratic election.
📅 23 August 2023
At the summit in South Africa, leaders placed African development, inclusive multilateralism and sustainable growth at the centre of BRICS cooperation.
📅 24 August 2023
South Africa’s president publicly named Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UAE as invitees for membership from January 2024. Their eventual status required separate verification.
📅 24 August 2023
Invited leaders from Africa and the wider Global South joined a dialogue on development and more representative global governance. Attendance did not itself confer BRICS membership.
📅 24 October 2024
The BRICS Plus session brought other Global South leaders into dialogue on peace, development and more representative governance. Attendance was distinct from full membership.
