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Date Country Category Title
15 March 2022 United Kingdom Rosa Luxemburg Complete Works Volume IV appears in English
9 January 2019 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The centenary prompts new work on Luxemburg in translation
January 2019 United Kingdom Rosa Luxemburg Complete Works Volume III gathers political writings on revolution, 1897–1905
2018 United Kingdom Rosa Luxemburg A study links Luxemburg’s accumulation theory to postcolonial debates
2018 Germany Rosa Luxemburg New scholarship revisits Luxemburg’s critique of bourgeois feminism
2015 United States Rosa Luxemburg Complete Works Volume II republishes The Accumulation of Capital and related work
5 November 2013 United States Rosa Luxemburg Complete Works Volume I publishes newly translated economic writings
2011 United Kingdom Rosa Luxemburg The Letters of Rosa Luxemburg appears in English
1999 United States Rosa Luxemburg A Rosa Luxemburg reader assembles writings for a new generation
1991 United States Rosa Luxemburg A new edition of Dunayevskaya’s study links Luxemburg to women’s liberation
24 December 1989 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet Congress condemns the secret protocols of the Nazi-Soviet pact
1971 United States Rosa Luxemburg Selected Political Writings brings more of Luxemburg’s work to English readers
1966 United Kingdom Rosa Luxemburg Peter Nettl publishes a major scholarly biography
9 January 1957 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet state restores the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Republic
25 February 1956 Unknown Stalin Khrushchev denounces Stalin’s rule in a closed Party speech
26 June 1953 Soviet Union Stalin Lavrentiy Beria is arrested in the post-Stalin power struggle
27 March 1953 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet leadership announces a broad amnesty after Stalin’s death
5 March 1953 Soviet Union Stalin Stalin dies in Moscow
13 January 1953 Soviet Union Stalin Soviet media announce the “Doctors’ Plot” arrests
5 October 1952 Soviet Union Stalin The Nineteenth Party Congress opens after a long gap
1951 United States Rosa Luxemburg The first English translation of The Accumulation of Capital appears
25 June 1950 Unknown Stalin The Korean War begins as Stalin backs North Korea’s military plan
14 February 1950 China, Soviet Union Stalin China and the Soviet Union sign a treaty of alliance
16 December 1949 China, Soviet Union Stalin Stalin meets Mao Zedong in Moscow
29 August 1949 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet Union conducts its first atomic test
25 January 1949 Soviet Union Stalin The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance is established
7 August 1948 Soviet Union Stalin Lysenko’s position wins state-backed dominance over Soviet genetics
28 June 1948 Unknown Stalin The Cominform condemns Yugoslavia’s independent course
10 February 1948 Soviet Union Stalin The Communist Party condemns composers and restricts musical life
5 October 1947 Unknown Stalin The Cominform is established under Soviet leadership
22 September 1947 Soviet Union Stalin The Cominform’s founding conference opens
2 July 1947 Europe, Soviet Union Stalin Molotov rejects participation in the Marshall Plan process
14 August 1946 Soviet Union Stalin The Party imposes a campaign against the journals Zvezda and Leningrad
9 February 1946 Soviet Union Stalin Stalin links domestic development to the threat of future war
2 September 1945 Japan Stalin Japan signs the instrument of surrender
9 August 1945 Unknown Stalin Soviet forces launch the Manchurian Strategic Offensive
8 August 1945 Japan, Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet Union declares war on Japan
17 July 1945 Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States Stalin The Potsdam Conference opens
24 June 1945 Soviet Union Stalin Moscow stages a Victory Parade after Germany’s defeat
25 April 1945 Germany Stalin Soviet and U.S. troops meet at the Elbe River
4 February 1945 Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States Stalin The Yalta Conference begins
15 November 1944 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet state begins deporting Meskhetian Turks
18 May 1944 Unknown Stalin The deportation of Crimean Tatars begins
8 March 1944 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet state begins deporting the Balkar people
23 February 1944 Unknown Stalin The Soviet state deports the Chechen and Ingush peoples
27 December 1943 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet government orders the deportation of Kalmyks
28 November 1943 Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States Stalin The Tehran Conference opens
2 November 1943 Soviet Union Stalin NKVD units begin deporting Karachays
12 October 1943 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet state orders the deportation of the Karachay people
12 July 1943 Soviet Union Stalin The Battle of Kursk reaches its largest armored clash
15 May 1943 Soviet Union Stalin The Communist International votes to dissolve
19 November 1942 Soviet Union Stalin The Red Army begins Operation Uranus at Stalingrad
28 July 1942 Unknown Stalin Stalin issues Order No. 227, “Not a Step Back!”
26 May 1942 Soviet Union, United Kingdom Stalin The Soviet Union and Britain sign an alliance treaty
5 December 1941 Soviet Union Stalin The Red Army launches a counteroffensive outside Moscow
19 October 1941 Soviet Union Stalin Stalin declares a state of siege in Moscow
15 October 1941 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet government orders an evacuation from Moscow
8 September 1941 Soviet Union Stalin German forces complete the encirclement of Leningrad
28 August 1941 Unknown Stalin The Soviet state orders the mass deportation of ethnic Germans
16 July 1941 Soviet Union Stalin The State Defense Committee organizes the evacuation of industry
30 June 1941 Soviet Union Stalin Stalin becomes chair of the State Defense Committee
22 June 1941 Soviet Union Stalin Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union
21 August 1940 Mexico Trotzki Leon Trotsky dies after an assassination attack
20 August 1940 Unknown Stalin Leon Trotsky is attacked in Mexico City
3 August 1940 Lithuania, Soviet Union Stalin Lithuania is incorporated into the Soviet Union
14 July 1940 Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania Stalin Controlled elections take place in the Baltic states under Soviet occupation
14 June 1940 Lithuania, Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet Union issues an ultimatum to Lithuania
1 June 1940 Mexico Trotzki Trotsky writes on Stalin’s campaign to kill him
24 May 1940 Mexico Trotzki Gunmen attack Trotsky’s home in Coyoacán
12 March 1940 Finland, Soviet Union Stalin Finland and the Soviet Union sign the Moscow Peace Treaty
5 March 1940 Unknown Stalin Stalin approves the execution of Polish prisoners
1940 United Kingdom Rosa Luxemburg Frölich’s biography appears in English translation
30 November 1939 Finland, Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet Union invades Finland, beginning the Winter War
25 September 1939 Mexico Trotzki Trotsky debates the class character of the Soviet state
17 September 1939 Soviet Union Stalin The Red Army enters eastern Poland
1 September 1939 Mexico Trotzki Trotsky debates the defense of the USSR as war begins
23 August 1939 Soviet Union Stalin Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
10 March 1939 Soviet Union Stalin The Eighteenth Party Congress meets as the purges recede
1939 France Rosa Luxemburg Paul Frölich publishes a biography of Luxemburg in exile
17 November 1938 Unknown Stalin The Soviet leadership halts mass arrest operations
3 September 1938 France Trotzki The Fourth International adopts Trotsky’s Transitional Program
3 September 1938 France Trotzki Trotsky’s supporters found the Fourth International
13 March 1938 Soviet Union Stalin The third Moscow trial concludes
11 August 1937 Unknown Stalin The NKVD begins its Polish national operation
30 July 1937 Soviet Union Stalin NKVD Order 00447 launches a mass operation
11 June 1937 Soviet Union Stalin A military tribunal sentences senior Red Army commanders
10 April 1937 Mexico Trotzki The Dewey Commission begins hearings into the Moscow Trial charges
1 April 1937 Mexico Trotzki Trotsky testifies before the Dewey Commission
9 January 1937 Mexico Trotzki Trotsky arrives in Mexico as a political exile
5 December 1936 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet Constitution proclaims extensive civil and political rights
19 August 1936 Soviet Union Stalin The first Moscow show trial begins
27 June 1936 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet government bans most abortions
1 January 1936 Norway Trotzki Trotsky publishes The Revolution Betrayed
1 June 1935 Norway Trotzki Trotsky writes on the South African national and agrarian question
20 April 1935 Norway Trotzki Trotsky comments on South African national and agrarian questions
1 December 1934 Unknown Stalin Sergei Kirov is murdered and Stalin expands political repression
1 February 1934 France Trotzki Trotsky analyzes France’s February 1934 far-right crisis
26 January 1934 Soviet Union Stalin The Seventeenth Party Congress opens as Stalin’s power consolidates
15 July 1933 Turkey Trotzki Trotsky calls for a new international after Hitler’s victory
22 January 1933 Soviet Union Stalin Authorities restrict peasants’ movement during famine
1 November 1932 Denmark Trotzki Trotsky delivers a lecture on the Russian Revolution in Copenhagen
7 August 1932 Soviet Union Stalin The Soviet government adopts a harsh law on socialist property
2 March 1930 Unknown Stalin Stalin publishes “Dizzy with Success”
5 January 1930 Unknown Stalin The Party orders accelerated collectivization and dekulakization
1 January 1930 Turkey Trotzki Trotsky publishes The Permanent Revolution
1 January 1930 Turkey Trotzki Trotsky publishes My Life from exile
27 December 1929 Soviet Union Stalin Stalin calls for the “liquidation of the kulaks as a class”
12 February 1929 Turkey Trotzki Turkey accepts Trotsky’s forced deportation from the Soviet Union
11 February 1929 Turkey Trotzki The Soviet government deports Trotsky to Turkey
1 October 1928 Soviet Union Stalin The First Five-Year Plan begins
1 July 1928 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky writes critiques of the Comintern’s Chinese policy from exile
16 January 1928 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky is forcibly removed to Alma-Ata
16 January 1928 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky is exiled to Alma-Ata in Soviet Central Asia
2 December 1927 Soviet Union Stalin The Fifteenth Party Congress opens amid the defeat of the Left Opposition
15 November 1927 Soviet Union Trotzki The Communist Party expels Trotsky and Zinoviev
14 November 1927 Unknown Stalin Trotsky and Zinoviev are expelled from the Party
7 November 1927 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky is excluded from the October Revolution anniversary demonstration
27 April 1927 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky criticizes Comintern policy toward the Chinese revolution
16 October 1926 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky and allies present the Joint Opposition platform
1 October 1926 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky joins the United Opposition
1 April 1926 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky warns about the Chinese Communist Party’s subordination to the Kuomintang
18 December 1925 Unknown Stalin The Fourteenth Party Congress endorses “socialism in one country”
6 January 1925 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky resigns as People’s Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs
1 October 1924 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky publishes Lessons of October
22 May 1924 Soviet Union Stalin Lenin’s testament is read to senior party leaders
21 January 1924 Unknown Stalin Lenin dies, opening a succession struggle
21 January 1924 Unknown Trotzki Lenin dies amid an unresolved struggle over Soviet leadership
21 January 1924 Unknown Lenin Lenin dies at Gorki
1 January 1924 Soviet Union Trotzki Trotsky publishes Lessons of October
11 December 1923 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky publishes The New Course
11 December 1923 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky publishes The New Course
8 October 1923 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky writes to the Central Committee on party democracy
10 March 1923 Unknown Lenin Lenin suffers a major stroke and withdraws from political work
2 March 1923 Unknown Lenin Lenin writes Better Fewer, But Better on state bureaucracy
6 January 1923 Unknown Lenin Lenin writes On Cooperation
4 January 1923 Soviet Union Stalin Lenin adds a warning about Stalin to his political testament
4 January 1923 Unknown Lenin Lenin dictates his final political testament and questions party leadership
1 January 1923 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky drafts On the National Question and Autonomization
31 December 1922 Unknown Lenin Lenin dictates notes criticizing Great Russian chauvinism
30 December 1922 Soviet Union Stalin Lenin dictates “On the Question of Nationalities or Autonomization”
30 December 1922 Soviet Union Stalin The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is established
30 December 1922 Soviet Union Lenin The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is formally established
20 November 1922 Unknown Lenin Lenin delivers his last public speech to the Moscow Soviet
1 November 1922 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky argues for an international strategy after revolutionary setbacks
5 October 1922 Georgia, Soviet Union Stalin The Georgian affair exposes the conflict over Soviet federalism
1 October 1922 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky publishes Literature and Revolution
30 May 1922 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky addresses the Russian proletariat and Soviet power
26 May 1922 Unknown Lenin Lenin suffers his first major stroke
16 April 1922 Italy Lenin The Treaty of Rapallo reshapes Soviet-German relations
3 April 1922 Unknown Stalin Stalin is appointed General Secretary
3 April 1922 Unknown Lenin Stalin becomes General Secretary as Lenin’s health declines
1 April 1922 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky defends Soviet policy on Georgia in Between Red and White
1 February 1922 Unknown Lenin Lenin drafts directives for Soviet delegates to the Genoa Conference
1922 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The Russian Revolution manuscript is published
1922 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The Russian Revolution manuscript is published posthumously
30 December 1921 Russia Lenin Lenin drafts theses on trade unions under the New Economic Policy
1 July 1921 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky reports to the Third Comintern Congress
1 July 1921 Unknown Lenin Famine and economic collapse deepen the crisis of Soviet rule
22 June 1921 Russia Lenin Lenin presents theses to the Third Comintern Congress
21 April 1921 Russia Lenin Lenin completes The Tax in Kind
21 March 1921 Unknown Lenin The New Economic Policy replaces grain requisition with a tax
18 March 1921 Unknown Trotzki Red Army forces suppress the Kronstadt uprising
16 March 1921 Unknown Lenin The Tenth Party Congress bans factions
8 March 1921 Unknown Trotzki The Tenth Party Congress debates trade unions and party unity
1 March 1921 Unknown Trotzki Kronstadt sailors adopt demands for freely elected soviets
1 March 1921 Unknown Lenin The Kronstadt revolt challenges Bolshevik rule
25 February 1921 Unknown Stalin The Red Army enters Tbilisi and Soviet power is imposed in Georgia
8 February 1921 Russia Lenin Lenin drafts theses concerning the peasants
25 January 1921 Russia Lenin Lenin publishes Once Again on the Trade Unions
1 January 1921 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky proposes a union between labor and state administration
1921 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The Anti-Critique is published posthumously
30 December 1920 Russia Lenin Lenin intervenes in the trade-union debate with Trotsky
3 November 1920 Russia Lenin Lenin speaks to political education workers about propaganda and literacy
12 October 1920 Latvia Trotzki The Soviet government signs a preliminary peace with Poland
2 October 1920 Russia Lenin Lenin addresses the Russian Communist Youth League
1 September 1920 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky publishes Where Is Britain Going?
1 September 1920 Unknown Lenin The Congress of the Peoples of the East meets in Baku
26 July 1920 Unknown Lenin Lenin reports on national and colonial questions to the Second Comintern Congress
19 July 1920 Unknown Lenin Lenin addresses the Second Comintern Congress on strategy
1 July 1920 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky debates trade-union policy at the Second Comintern Congress
8 June 1920 Russia Lenin Lenin’s pamphlet Left-Wing Communism reaches Comintern delegates
5 June 1920 Russia Lenin Lenin circulates theses on national and colonial questions
10 May 1920 Russia Lenin Lenin sends a message of solidarity to the Indian Revolutionary Association
1 May 1920 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky defends coercion in Terrorism and Communism
1 January 1920 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky argues for militarizing labor during civil war
21 December 1919 Russia Lenin Lenin writes on economics and politics during proletarian dictatorship
12 December 1919 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky speaks on the immediate problems of Red Army political workers
22 November 1919 Russia Lenin Lenin addresses the Second Congress of Communist Organizations of the East
8 August 1919 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky issues Order No. 142 to the Fourteenth Army
31 May 1919 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg’s body is found in the Landwehr Canal
25 May 1919 Unknown Stalin Stalin is assigned to the Southern Front during the Civil War
18 March 1919 Russia Lenin The Eighth Party Congress debates a new Communist Party programme
17 March 1919 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky addresses the Eighth Party Congress on military policy
6 March 1919 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky’s manifesto is adopted at the founding congress of the Comintern
2 March 1919 Russia Lenin The Communist International meets in Moscow
15 January 1919 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg is murdered after being captured
14 January 1919 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg publishes “Order Prevails in Berlin”
5 January 1919 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The January uprising begins in Berlin
1 January 1919 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg argues the KPD should contest elections
30 December 1918 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The Communist Party of Germany is founded
17 December 1918 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg argues for government by workers’ and soldiers’ councils
14 December 1918 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg presents the Spartacus programme
16 November 1918 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky issues a military order to Red Army and Red Navy units
13 November 1918 Russia Lenin Lenin argues for Soviet power amid civil war
11 November 1918 Russia Lenin Lenin publishes The Proletarian Revolution and the Renegade Kautsky
10 November 1918 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg leads work on Die Rote Fahne
9 November 1918 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Revolution releases Luxemburg from prison
10 September 1918 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky issues a Red Army order after the capture of Kazan
5 September 1918 Russia Lenin The Soviet government formalizes Red Terror measures
2 September 1918 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky addresses the Central Executive Committee on military crisis
2 September 1918 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky leads the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic
30 August 1918 Russia Lenin Lenin is shot in an assassination attempt; repression escalates
10 July 1918 Russia Lenin The Russian Soviet Republic adopts its first constitution
23 May 1918 Russia Lenin Lenin addresses labour commissars on discipline and production
30 April 1918 Russia Lenin Lenin issues Six Theses on the Immediate Tasks of Soviet Power
22 April 1918 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky speaks on building a new Red Army
23 March 1918 Russia Lenin Lenin publishes The Immediate Tasks of the Soviet Government
13 March 1918 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky is appointed chairman of the Supreme Military Council
3 March 1918 Unknown Stalin The Soviet government signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3 March 1918 Unknown Trotzki The Soviet government signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
3 March 1918 Unknown Lenin The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk takes Russia out of the war
1 March 1918 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky explains the Soviet government’s withdrawal from Brest-Litovsk
10 February 1918 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky announces “neither war nor peace” at Brest-Litovsk
19 January 1918 Russia Lenin The Constituent Assembly is dissolved after one sitting
1918 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg’s prison manuscript on Russia remains unpublished
1918 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg drafts The Russian Revolution in prison
8 November 1917 Unknown Stalin Stalin becomes People’s Commissar for Nationalities
8 November 1917 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky becomes People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs
8 November 1917 Russia Lenin The Congress of Soviets adopts decrees on peace and land
7 November 1917 Russia Rosa Luxemburg The October Revolution brings the Bolsheviks to power
7 November 1917 Unknown Stalin The Bolsheviks take power in Petrograd
7 November 1917 Russia Lenin The Bolsheviks take power in Petrograd
25 October 1917 Unknown Trotzki The October insurrection transfers power to the Soviet Congress
16 October 1917 Unknown Trotzki The Petrograd Soviet creates its Military Revolutionary Committee
26 September 1917 Finland Lenin Lenin asks whether the Bolsheviks can retain state power
25 September 1917 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky is elected chairman of the Petrograd Soviet
14 September 1917 Finland Lenin Lenin urges the Bolsheviks to prepare for insurrection
10 September 1917 Finland Lenin Lenin drafts The Impending Catastrophe and How to Combat It
4 September 1917 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky is released from prison as the Kornilov threat recedes
1 September 1917 Finland Lenin Lenin writes The State and Revolution in hiding
1 August 1917 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky writes from prison as the Kornilov crisis unfolds
1 August 1917 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky’s Interdistrict Organization joins the Bolsheviks
16 July 1917 Russia Lenin The July Days bring armed demonstrations and repression
1 July 1917 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky is arrested after the July Days
17 May 1917 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky arrives in Petrograd after the February Revolution
17 April 1917 Russia Lenin Lenin presents the April Theses
16 April 1917 Russia Lenin Lenin returns to Petrograd from exile
27 March 1917 Canada Trotzki British authorities detain Trotsky in Halifax on his return to Russia
25 March 1917 Russian Empire Stalin Stalin returns to Petrograd after the February Revolution
15 March 1917 Russian Empire Lenin The February Revolution overthrows the Romanov monarchy
9 March 1917 Switzerland Lenin Lenin analyses dual power after the February Revolution
8 March 1917 Russian Empire Rosa Luxemburg The February Revolution overthrows tsarist rule
1 November 1916 Unknown Trotzki French authorities deport Trotsky from France to Spain
10 July 1916 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg is imprisoned for anti-war organizing
July 1916 Switzerland Rosa Luxemburg Lenin publishes a response to the Junius Pamphlet
April 1916 Switzerland Rosa Luxemburg The Junius Pamphlet is published under a pseudonym
2 January 1916 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg dates the introduction to the Junius Pamphlet
1 January 1916 Switzerland Lenin Lenin develops the argument for national self-determination under imperialism
1 January 1916 Switzerland Lenin Lenin writes on national self-determination
1 January 1916 Switzerland Lenin Lenin develops a theory of imperialism and uneven global power
1916 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The Spartacus group emerges from the anti-war opposition
5 September 1915 Switzerland Trotzki Trotsky takes part in the Zimmerwald antiwar conference
5 September 1915 Switzerland Lenin Zimmerwald anti-war conference convenes
1 September 1915 Switzerland Lenin Lenin studies Hegel and records the Philosophical Notebooks
23 August 1915 Switzerland Lenin Lenin debates the slogan of a United States of Europe
1 May 1915 Switzerland Lenin Lenin publishes The Collapse of the Second International
1 April 1915 France Trotzki Trotsky critiques socialist support for national war aims
April 1915 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg writes The Crisis of Social Democracy in prison
1 February 1915 France Trotzki Trotsky publishes The Struggle for Peace
9 January 1915 Switzerland Lenin Lenin asks What Next? as socialist parties fracture over the war
1915 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg drafts an “Anti-Critique” defending her theory of accumulation
1915 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The International group forms
1915 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg writes the Junius pamphlet
12 December 1914 Switzerland Lenin Lenin publishes On the National Pride of the Great Russians
2 December 1914 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Karl Liebknecht votes against a new war-credit request
4 August 1914 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The SPD votes for war credits
1 August 1914 Switzerland Trotzki Trotsky completes The War and the International
1 August 1914 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky denounces the First World War as an imperialist conflict
1 August 1914 Unknown Lenin World War I begins for Russia; Lenin opposes support for the war
24 February 1914 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg addresses the Frankfurt court on militarism and the working class
20 February 1914 Germany Rosa Luxemburg A court convicts Luxemburg for anti-war agitation
1914 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg and other anti-war socialists organize opposition
16 December 1913 Unknown Lenin Lenin publishes Critical Remarks on the National Question
1 March 1913 Unknown Lenin Lenin publishes The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism
23 February 1913 Russian Empire Stalin Stalin is arrested and sent into Siberian exile
16 February 1913 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The SPD newspaper Vorwärts publishes a hostile review of The Accumulation of Capital
1 January 1913 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky writes on Balkan federation and national self-determination
1913 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The dispute over Luxemburg’s economic theory broadens across the socialist press
1913 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg Otto Bauer publishes a major critique of Luxemburg’s accumulation theory
1913 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The Accumulation of Capital is published
12 May 1912 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg delivers “Women’s Suffrage and Class Struggle”
5 May 1912 Unknown Stalin The first issue of Pravda appears
1 May 1912 Unknown Lenin Lenin writes on the revival of the Russian workers’ movement
22 April 1912 Russian Empire Lenin Pravda begins publication in St Petersburg
17 April 1912 Unknown Lenin The Lena Goldfields massacre sparks protest across Russia
30 January 1912 Unknown Stalin Stalin joins the Bolshevik Central Committee
18 January 1912 Unknown Lenin The Prague Conference organizes a Bolshevik-centered party
1 January 1912 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky reports on the Balkan Wars
1912 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg links women’s suffrage to class struggle
1 July 1911 France Lenin Lenin helps organize a workers’ school at Longjumeau
1911 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg condemns the SPD’s retreat from anti-imperialist agitation
1 August 1910 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky works on an attempted RSDLP reconciliation
1 January 1910 France Lenin Lenin reflects on factional conflict and the socialist movement
1910 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The dispute over mass action strains Luxemburg’s alliance with Kautsky
1910 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg campaigns for mass action and democratic suffrage
12 May 1909 Russian Empire Lenin Materialism and Empirio-Criticism appears in print
3 October 1908 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky launches a Russian-language socialist newspaper in Vienna
1 July 1908 Unknown Lenin Lenin works on Materialism and Empirio-Criticism
1908 Poland Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg’s writing on nationality and autonomy appears in a series
1908 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg develops her Introduction to Political Economy
1908 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg publishes on nationality and autonomy
1 December 1907 Unknown Lenin Lenin completes The Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in the First Russian Revolution
1 December 1907 Unknown Lenin Lenin goes into a second period of European exile
August 1907 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg helps develop an international anti-war position
26 June 1907 Russian Empire Stalin A Bolshevik raid robs the Tiflis bank carriage
1 June 1907 Russian Empire Trotzki Trotsky writes on the 1905 Soviet as a new political form
1 April 1907 United Kingdom Trotzki Trotsky intervenes at the Fifth RSDLP Congress
1 February 1907 Russian Empire Trotzki Trotsky escapes a second Siberian exile
1907 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg begins a sustained study of non-capitalist societies
1907 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg begins teaching political economy to party members
1907 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg begins teaching at the SPD Party School
1 December 1906 German Empire Trotzki Trotsky publishes Results and Prospects
1 October 1906 Russian Empire Trotzki Trotsky delivers his final courtroom defense after the 1905 rising
1 October 1906 Russian Empire Trotzki Trotsky advances the theory of permanent revolution
1 August 1906 Unknown Lenin Lenin intervenes in debates over agrarian confiscation and land ownership
1 May 1906 Russian Empire Lenin Lenin assesses the first State Duma and the Cadet Party
23 April 1906 Russian Empire Lenin Lenin argues for participation in the State Duma
20 March 1906 Russian Empire Lenin Lenin drafts a revision of the Social-Democratic agrarian programme
1906 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg disputes union officials’ effort to contain strike action
1906 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The Mass Strike turns revolutionary experience into political theory
1906 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The Mass Strike, the Political Party and the Trade Unions appears
1906 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg is arrested in Warsaw
3 December 1905 Russian Empire Trotzki The tsarist government arrests the Petersburg Soviet
December 1905 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg returns clandestinely to Warsaw during revolution
26 November 1905 Russian Empire Trotzki Trotsky is elected chairman of the Petersburg Soviet
8 November 1905 Russian Empire Lenin Lenin returns to Russia during the 1905 Revolution
17 September 1905 Germany Rosa Luxemburg The SPD congress debates mass political strikes
1 August 1905 Switzerland Lenin Lenin debates whether socialists should boycott the Bulygin Duma
1 June 1905 Switzerland Lenin Lenin writes on the provisional revolutionary government
14 February 1905 Switzerland Lenin Lenin sets out Two Tactics of Social-Democracy in the Democratic Revolution
1 February 1905 Russian Empire Trotzki Trotsky returns to Russia during the 1905 Revolution
22 January 1905 Russian Empire Rosa Luxemburg Bloody Sunday accelerates revolution in the Russian Empire
22 January 1905 Russian Empire Lenin Bloody Sunday helps ignite revolution across the empire
1 November 1904 Switzerland Trotzki Trotsky publishes Our Political Tasks
1 May 1904 Switzerland Lenin Lenin publishes One Step Forward, Two Steps Back
1904 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg publishes “Organizational Questions of Russian Social Democracy”
1904 Netherlands Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg debates party organization and revolutionary action
1904 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg is imprisoned for lèse-majesté
23 August 1903 Unknown Lenin The RSDLP congress splits into Bolshevik and Menshevik factions
1 August 1903 United Kingdom Trotzki The RSDLP congress splits over party organization
1 September 1902 Unknown Trotzki Trotsky escapes exile and reaches revolutionary circles abroad
5 April 1902 Russian Empire Stalin Tsarist authorities arrest Stalin in Batumi
1 March 1902 German Empire Lenin Lenin publishes What Is to Be Done?
September 1900 France Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg argues for international opposition to imperialism and colonialism
1 August 1900 Russian Empire Trotzki Trotsky is sentenced to Siberian exile
29 July 1900 Unknown Lenin Lenin leaves Russia to help publish Iskra
1 July 1899 Russian Empire Lenin Lenin completes The Development of Capitalism in Russia
29 May 1899 Russian Empire Stalin The seminary dismisses Dzhugashvili
1899 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Social Reform or Revolution? is published
13 March 1898 Russian Empire Lenin The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party is founded
28 January 1898 Russian Empire Trotzki Tsarist police arrest Trotsky and other union organizers
1898 Germany Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg enters the SPD and debates revisionism
1898 Germany Rosa Luxemburg A marriage of convenience enables Luxemburg to move to Germany
13 February 1897 Russian Empire Lenin Lenin is sentenced to exile in eastern Siberia
1 January 1897 Russian Empire Trotzki Young socialists organize the South Russian Workers’ Union
1897 Switzerland Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg completes her doctoral research on Poland’s industrial development
8 December 1895 Russian Empire Lenin The Union for the Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class is raided
5 August 1895 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels dies in London
1 April 1895 France, Switzerland Lenin Lenin travels abroad to meet Russian Marxists in exile
6 March 1895 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels writes an introduction to The Class Struggles in France
1 October 1894 Germany Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes the third volume of Capital
1 September 1894 Russian Empire Stalin He enrolls at the Tiflis Orthodox Seminary
1894 France Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg edits and writes for the workers’ press
6 August 1893 Switzerland Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels attends the Zurich Congress of the Second International
1 August 1893 Russian Empire Lenin Ulyanov moves to St Petersburg and enters Marxist circles
August 1893 Switzerland Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg challenges exclusion at the Socialist International congress
1893 Switzerland Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg co-founds the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland
1 November 1892 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels writes an introduction for the English edition of Socialism: Utopian and Scientific
1 November 1891 Russian Empire Lenin Ulyanov completes law examinations as an external student
29 June 1891 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels critiques the draft Erfurt Program
1 March 1891 Germany Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes Marx’s Critique of the Gotha Programme
1 May 1890 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Workers mark May Day amid international labor mobilization
1890 Switzerland Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg begins university studies
14 July 1889 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Second International is founded in Paris
1889 Switzerland Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg escapes to Zurich
1 November 1888 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels An English translation of the Communist Manifesto appears
1 September 1888 Russian Empire Stalin Dzhugashvili enters Gori church school
1 May 1888 Germany Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy
4 December 1887 Russian Empire Lenin Lenin is expelled from Kazan University after student protest
20 May 1887 Russian Empire Lenin Alexander Ulyanov is executed for a plot against the tsar
1887 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg becomes active in socialist circles
1887 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg completes secondary education
1 May 1886 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels prepares an appendix on industrial England and labor
1 October 1885 Switzerland Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes a history of the Communist League
1 July 1885 Germany Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels edits and publishes the second volume of Capital
1 October 1884 Switzerland Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
17 March 1883 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels speaks at Marx’s graveside
14 March 1883 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Karl Marx dies in London
12 September 1882 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels discusses Egypt and national movements in correspondence
2 May 1882 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx leaves Algeria after a short stay
20 February 1882 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx arrives in Algiers for his final winter of travel
8 December 1881 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx writes about the Russian commune and social change
2 December 1881 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Jenny Marx dies in London
8 March 1881 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx sends his final letter to Vera Zasulich
16 February 1881 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx drafts a reply to Vera Zasulich on the Russian commune
4 May 1880 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx writes an introduction for Engels’s French socialist pamphlet
1880 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg Luxemburg enters a girls’ secondary school in Warsaw
7 November 1879 Russian Empire Trotzki Leon Trotsky is born in Yanovka
17 September 1879 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels criticize reformist tendencies in German socialism
18 December 1878 Russian Empire Stalin Stalin is born in Gori, Georgia
21 October 1878 German Empire Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Germany’s Anti-Socialist Law takes effect
18 October 1878 German Empire Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes Anti-Dühring
3 January 1877 German Empire Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels begins publishing Anti-Dühring in Vorwärts
22 May 1875 German Empire Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels German socialist organizations unite at the Gotha congress
1 April 1875 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx writes his Critique of the Gotha Programme
24 January 1873 Germany Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx dates the afterword to Capital’s second German edition
1873 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg The Luxemburg family moves to Warsaw
2 September 1872 Netherlands Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Hague Congress debates the future of the First International
1 May 1872 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels A French edition of Capital begins appearing in instalments
17 September 1871 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The International holds its London Conference
30 May 1871 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx publishes The Civil War in France
18 March 1871 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Paris Commune begins
5 March 1871 Unknown Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg is born in Zamość
23 July 1870 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx issues the First Address on the Franco-Prussian War
22 April 1870 Russian Empire Lenin Vladimir Ulyanov is born in Simbirsk
9 April 1870 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx writes on Ireland and the English working class
1 January 1870 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx drafts an International circular on Ireland
29 November 1869 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx reassesses the Irish struggle as a condition of workers’ emancipation
8 August 1869 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels completes his move to London
7 August 1869 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels German workers found the Social Democratic Workers’ Party
29 June 1868 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx writes Kugelmann about revolutionary politics
14 September 1867 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The first volume of Capital is published
3 September 1866 Switzerland Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The First International meets in Geneva
26 June 1865 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx presents Value, Price and Profit to the First International
29 November 1864 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The International adopts a resolution supporting Poland
28 September 1864 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The International Working Men’s Association is founded
6 January 1863 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Mary Burns dies in Manchester
25 October 1861 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx writes on the U.S. Civil War and slavery
12 April 1861 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels support the Union cause against slavery
1 December 1860 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx publishes Herr Vogt
1 July 1859 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes The Po and the Rhine
1 June 1859 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx publishes A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
14 November 1857 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels and Marx discuss the Atlantic financial crisis
1 August 1857 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx begins the Grundrisse notebooks
1 October 1854 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels analyzes the Spanish Revolution
25 June 1853 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx publishes writing on British rule in India
14 June 1853 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx writes on China and the European crisis
1 May 1852 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx publishes The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
1 March 1852 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx completes the manuscript of The Eighteenth Brumaire
1 November 1850 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels takes a position at Ermen & Engels in Manchester
15 September 1850 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist League splits over revolutionary strategy
1 May 1850 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes The Peasant War in Germany
24 March 1850 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels issue an Address to the Communist League
24 August 1849 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx settles in London after exile
1 June 1849 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels joins the Baden-Palatinate revolutionary forces
19 May 1849 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Neue Rheinische Zeitung publishes its final issue
5 April 1849 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx’s Wage Labour and Capital lectures appear in the press
9 February 1849 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels A Cologne jury acquits Marx in a press prosecution
1 June 1848 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Neue Rheinische Zeitung begins publication
6 April 1848 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels return to the German states during revolution
21 February 1848 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto is published
8 December 1847 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist League commissions a political manifesto
1 October 1847 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels drafts Principles of Communism
15 June 1847 Belgium Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx dates the preface to The Poverty of Philosophy
9 June 1847 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The League of the Just reorganizes as the Communist League
1 January 1846 Belgium Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels develop the Brussels Communist Correspondence Committee
1 January 1846 Belgium Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels organize the Communist Correspondence Committee
1 September 1845 Belgium Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels begin work on The German Ideology
1 April 1845 Belgium Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx drafts the Theses on Feuerbach
1 March 1845 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes The Condition of the Working Class in England
1 February 1845 Belgium Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx is expelled from France and settles in Brussels
28 August 1844 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels begin sustained collaboration
1 July 1844 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx drafts the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts
1 February 1844 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels publishes Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy
1 February 1844 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher publishes Marx’s political essays
1 October 1843 France Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx relocates to Paris and turns to political economy
19 June 1843 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Jenny von Westphalen marry
31 March 1843 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Prussian authorities suppress the Rheinische Zeitung
20 November 1842 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels arrives in Manchester to work in the family business
16 November 1842 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx and Engels meet briefly in Cologne
15 October 1842 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx becomes editor of the Rheinische Zeitung
15 April 1841 Unknown Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx receives his doctorate from Jena
26 March 1839 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Engels writes Letters from Wuppertal
10 November 1837 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx turns toward philosophy in Berlin
1 October 1835 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Marx begins university studies in Bonn
28 November 1820 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Friedrich Engels is born in Barmen
5 May 1818 Prussia Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Karl Marx is born in Trier