Trotsky’s supporters found the Fourth International

He argued that Black majority rule was a necessary democratic step and rejected a draft line equating it with white supremacy. The intervention contested settler colonial assumptions, but South...

The book analyzed the Soviet bureaucracy as a privileged layer that had usurped political power while retaining state ownership. It is a major critique of Stalinism, but its categories and claims...

President Lázaro Cárdenas granted Trotsky asylum after European governments restricted his residence. Mexican labor, socialist, and anti-imperialist currents shaped the context of his final years;...

The commission held hearings after the Moscow Trials and found the charges against Trotsky unsubstantiated. The inquiry was convened by his supporters, a fact relevant to its evidentiary context;...

The independent commission heard Trotsky’s testimony and examined accusations made in the Moscow Trials. Its proceedings challenged the Soviet government’s case, but the inquiry was organized by...

The founding conference adopted a program of transitional demands intended to connect immediate struggles with socialist transformation. It addressed workers, peasants, women, youth, and colonized...

As war began in Europe, Trotsky defended the Soviet Union against imperialist attack while criticizing its bureaucracy and the invasion of Finland. His position exposed a tension between defending a...

In exchanges with members of the US Socialist Workers Party, Trotsky defended the analysis of the USSR as a degenerated workers’ state and argued that bureaucracy had not transformed its...

An armed group led by David Alfaro Siqueiros attacked the house where Trotsky lived with Natalia Sedova. The failed assault was part of the political violence surrounding his exile; Mexican...

After the May raid, Trotsky publicly argued that Soviet state agents were organizing his assassination. The essay was both a warning and a political intervention written under immediate threat....