Luxemburg develops her Introduction to Political Economy

She teaches political economy and Marx’s Capital to party members, including working-class activists. This work treats socialist education as a tool for building political understanding beyond...

Her teaching at the SPD school develops material later used in her economic writings. The courses bring complex political economy to rank-and-file activists and treat education as a means to build...

Research and lecture notes from her years at the party school examine social forms before and outside capitalism. These studies widened her historical scope beyond a Europe-only account of economic...

At the Stuttgart Socialist Congress she works with Lenin, Martov and others on a resolution calling workers to oppose war and use crisis to advance socialist change. The resolution later becomes a...

In a series of articles she argues against treating national self-determination as a universal socialist slogan and favors democratic autonomy within wider political structures. Her critique...

The series argues that national self-determination is not a universal formula capable of resolving workers’ political problems. It is a major intervention in socialist debates, but also a point of...

She advocates mass demonstrations and strikes against Prussia’s unequal three-class voting system. Her conflict with Karl Kautsky deepens as party leadership seeks to contain street mobilization and...

Luxemburg calls for mass action against Prussia’s unequal voting system, while Karl Kautsky and the SPD leadership favor a more cautious course. The conflict concerns strategy and political agency:...

In the context of German colonial and imperial rivalry, including the Morocco crises, she warns that leaders’ reluctance to confront imperialism encourages nationalist politics. Her criticism links...

In Women’s Suffrage and Class Struggle she presents voting rights as a democratic demand with particular importance for working women. Her approach situates women’s political exclusion within class...