Luxemburg and other anti-war socialists organize opposition

At Stuttgart’s Second Social Democratic Women’s Rally, she argues that women’s suffrage is a working-class democratic demand. She criticizes social definitions of productive labor that render...

Luxemburg analyzes how capitalist expansion relies on access to non-capitalist social formations and territories, including through coercion, dispossession and militarism. The book offers a major...

Bauer challenges Luxemburg’s account of how expanded reproduction works in capitalism. The disagreement concerns economic models and political implications; both contemporary and later Marxists have...

Reviews and counterarguments range across revisionist, centrist and orthodox Marxist positions. The controversy shows that her intervention was not merely a later anti-colonial reading: it was also...

The response in the party’s central paper illustrates how sharply Luxemburg’s theoretical intervention divided German social democracy. Her work was disputed by currents across the socialist movement,...

After urging soldiers not to shoot their fellow workers in a future war, she is convicted of inciting disobedience and sentenced to prison. The prosecution marks a widening attack on anti-militarist...

In a speech during her prosecution, she argues that soldiers should not fire on fellow workers. The speech connects the state’s coercive power at home with the threat of interstate war and becomes a...

The SPD parliamentary group supports funding Germany’s participation in the First World War, breaking with its internationalist commitments. Luxemburg sees the vote as the collapse of international...

Liebknecht becomes the only Reichstag deputy to vote against the additional credits in December. Luxemburg’s political partnership with him helps consolidate a visible revolutionary anti-war current...

Writing under the name Junius, she condemns the war and the nationalist turn of social democracy. Her warning that the choice was between socialism and barbarism made the devastation of imperialist...