Black Consciousness activists defy a ban on Viva FRELIMO rallies

An assembly in territory controlled by the liberation movement proclaimed independence from Portugal. Years of armed struggle and political organization had established institutions outside colonial...

The General Assembly adopted the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. It identified apartheid as a crime against humanity and addressed acts sustaining...

A federal court affirmed the treaty rights of participating Washington tribes to a share of the harvestable fish catch, generally up to half. The judgment followed years of Indigenous resistance to...

The Armed Forces Movement overthrew Portugal's dictatorship. Prolonged wars against African liberation movements had helped undermine the regime. The overthrow opened the way to negotiations and the...

FRELIMO and Portugal signed an agreement in Lusaka recognizing Mozambique's right to independence and providing for a transition. The agreement followed years of liberation struggle and the fall of...

The new law enabled federally recognized tribes to contract to administer programmes previously managed by federal agencies. It reflected sustained Indigenous demands for greater control over services...

Australia enacted its first federal law providing broad protection against racial discrimination. It addressed areas including employment, housing and access to services, drawing on the...

Mozambique became independent from Portugal with Samora Machel as president. FRELIMO's struggle had combined armed resistance with political mobilization against colonial domination. Independence...

Cape Verde became independent after the PAIGC's campaign linking its liberation with that of Guinea-Bissau. The transfer ended Portuguese colonial sovereignty over the islands. It represented a...

At Daguragu, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam handed deeds to Vincent Lingiari and symbolically poured soil into his hand. The ceremony followed the Gurindji walk-off and prolonged campaigning. The return...