Mozambique becomes independent after the liberation struggle

The Armed Forces Movement overthrew Portugal's dictatorship. Prolonged wars against African liberation movements had helped undermine the regime. The overthrow opened the way to negotiations and the...

FRELIMO and Portugal signed an agreement in Lusaka recognizing Mozambique's right to independence and providing for a transition. The agreement followed years of liberation struggle and the fall of...

SASO and Black People's Convention supporters held solidarity rallies despite a government ban. They celebrated Mozambique's movement towards independence and connected it to the struggle against...

The new law enabled federally recognized tribes to contract to administer programmes previously managed by federal agencies. It reflected sustained Indigenous demands for greater control over services...

Australia enacted its first federal law providing broad protection against racial discrimination. It addressed areas including employment, housing and access to services, drawing on the...

Cape Verde became independent after the PAIGC's campaign linking its liberation with that of Guinea-Bissau. The transfer ended Portuguese colonial sovereignty over the islands. It represented a...

At Daguragu, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam handed deeds to Vincent Lingiari and symbolically poured soil into his hand. The ceremony followed the Gurindji walk-off and prolonged campaigning. The return...

Whina Cooper and fellow marchers set out from the Far North to oppose further loss of Māori land. Organized through Te Rōpū o te Matakite, the hīkoi gathered support as it travelled south. The...

Thousands joined the arrival of the land march at Parliament in Wellington. Whina Cooper presented the movement's demands after the journey from Te Hāpua. The demonstration made continuing land...

Portuguese rule ended and the MPLA proclaimed independence in Luanda under Agostinho Neto, amid conflict with rival movements and foreign intervention. Liberation from colonial sovereignty was a major...