The Boldt decision affirms treaty fishing rights

The Supreme Court delivered its judgment in the Nisga'a land case. Six judges recognized that Aboriginal title existed before colonization, but divided over whether it had been extinguished; the...

Oglala Lakota activists and American Indian Movement supporters began occupying Wounded Knee on the Pine Ridge reservation. They challenged local abuses and demanded that the federal government honour...

Dalit Panthers marched on the anniversary of Indian independence to question freedom that had left caste oppression intact. Their use of Black Power language connected struggles across different...

An assembly in territory controlled by the liberation movement proclaimed independence from Portugal. Years of armed struggle and political organization had established institutions outside colonial...

The General Assembly adopted the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid. It identified apartheid as a crime against humanity and addressed acts sustaining...

The Armed Forces Movement overthrew Portugal's dictatorship. Prolonged wars against African liberation movements had helped undermine the regime. The overthrow opened the way to negotiations and the...

FRELIMO and Portugal signed an agreement in Lusaka recognizing Mozambique's right to independence and providing for a transition. The agreement followed years of liberation struggle and the fall of...

SASO and Black People's Convention supporters held solidarity rallies despite a government ban. They celebrated Mozambique's movement towards independence and connected it to the struggle against...

The new law enabled federally recognized tribes to contract to administer programmes previously managed by federal agencies. It reflected sustained Indigenous demands for greater control over services...

Australia enacted its first federal law providing broad protection against racial discrimination. It addressed areas including employment, housing and access to services, drawing on the...