Migrant workers begin the Grunwick strike

Whina Cooper and fellow marchers set out from the Far North to oppose further loss of Māori land. Organized through Te Rōpū o te Matakite, the hīkoi gathered support as it travelled south. The...

Thousands joined the arrival of the land march at Parliament in Wellington. Whina Cooper presented the movement's demands after the journey from Te Hāpua. The demonstration made continuing land...

Portuguese rule ended and the MPLA proclaimed independence in Luanda under Agostinho Neto, amid conflict with rival movements and foreign intervention. Liberation from colonial sovereignty was a major...

Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands and became a sovereign republic. The transfer followed nationalist campaigning and negotiations, with Henck Arron as prime minister and Johan Ferrier as...

Students marched against the imposition of Afrikaans in schooling and the wider system of Bantu Education. Police fired on demonstrators, and the uprising spread. The students challenged an...

The Race Relations Act received Royal Assent. It expanded the legal framework against racial discrimination, including indirect discrimination, and provided for the Commission for Racial Equality....

The Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act established a framework for Aboriginal land ownership and claims based on traditional occupation. Land-rights organizing had made restitution a...

The Ōrākei Māori Action Committee began occupying Takaparawhau, also known as Bastion Point, to resist a proposed housing development on ancestral land. Led by Joe Hawke, the occupiers connected the...

Commonwealth leaders agreed to withhold support for sporting contacts with South Africa and to take practical steps to discourage them. The agreement strengthened the international campaign against...

Thousands of opponents mobilized against the National Front's march through southeast London. Local residents, Black communities and antifascist activists challenged the far right's attempt to claim...