Angola becomes independent as competing interventions intensify

Mozambique became independent from Portugal with Samora Machel as president. FRELIMO's struggle had combined armed resistance with political mobilization against colonial domination. Independence...

Cape Verde became independent after the PAIGC's campaign linking its liberation with that of Guinea-Bissau. The transfer ended Portuguese colonial sovereignty over the islands. It represented a...

At Daguragu, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam handed deeds to Vincent Lingiari and symbolically poured soil into his hand. The ceremony followed the Gurindji walk-off and prolonged campaigning. The return...

Whina Cooper and fellow marchers set out from the Far North to oppose further loss of Māori land. Organized through Te Rōpū o te Matakite, the hīkoi gathered support as it travelled south. The...

Thousands joined the arrival of the land march at Parliament in Wellington. Whina Cooper presented the movement's demands after the journey from Te Hāpua. The demonstration made continuing land...

Suriname left the Kingdom of the Netherlands and became a sovereign republic. The transfer followed nationalist campaigning and negotiations, with Henck Arron as prime minister and Johan Ferrier as...

Students marched against the imposition of Afrikaans in schooling and the wider system of Bantu Education. Police fired on demonstrators, and the uprising spread. The students challenged an...

Jayaben Desai and fellow workers walked out of a London film-processing factory amid conflict over dismissals and working conditions. The dispute developed into a campaign for union recognition and...

The Race Relations Act received Royal Assent. It expanded the legal framework against racial discrimination, including indirect discrimination, and provided for the Commission for Racial Equality....

The Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act established a framework for Aboriginal land ownership and claims based on traditional occupation. Land-rights organizing had made restitution a...