SASO is inaugurated as an independent Black student organization

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination became legally binding for its initial states parties. It required action against racial discrimination and...

Black, Asian American, Mexican American and Native American student organizations began a strike demanding a Third World College. Their proposal linked access to education with community control...

Students began occupying university facilities in Montreal after complaints by Black Caribbean students about discriminatory treatment were mishandled. Their action challenged both classroom practices...

Police entered Sir George Williams University as the student occupation ended amid a fire and property damage. Arrests and subsequent prosecutions became a major issue for Black activists. The...

A wage dispute involving workers at a Shell subcontractor developed into a mass march and uprising in Willemstad. Black workers challenged an unequal economic and political order. Police violence...

Indigenous activists landed on Alcatraz and began an occupation that continued into 1971. They demanded land and a centre for Indigenous education and culture. By occupying a former federal prison,...

Chicago police killed Fred Hampton and Mark Clark during an early-morning raid. Hampton had combined Black community organizing with cooperation across racial boundaries. Their deaths became a focus...

The National Joint Action Committee led a demonstration in solidarity with Caribbean students prosecuted after the Montreal university protest. It developed into weeks of mass mobilization over racial...

The government declared a state of emergency and detained leaders after weeks of demonstrations. The movement had sought Black empowerment, economic change and solidarity between African and Indian...

Residents and activists halted construction of a highway patrol facility on land promised for a community park in San Diego. They occupied and began transforming the site. Their campaign asserted...