Woodson helps found an association to study Black history

Striking Indian workers and accompanying families crossed into Transvaal in deliberate defiance of restrictions. The march linked labor protest with freedom of movement and family rights. Repeated...

Gandhi was sentenced to nine months’ hard labor at Dundee during the satyagraha campaign. The wider movement involved striking workers and women facing imprisonment as well. Criminal penalties...

The Komagata Maru reached Vancouver carrying 376 prospective South Asian immigrants. Most were kept aboard under racially restrictive immigration rules despite being British subjects. Passengers and...

The Indian Relief Act abolished the tax on former indentured workers and recognized Indian marriages. These were important gains from collective resistance, including women’s participation. The...

Followers of John Chilembwe attacked European estates in Nyasaland. Grievances included abusive labor conditions and colonial demands on African communities. The uprising combined religious...

Armed police invaded the Tūhoe settlement of Maungapōhatu and arrested Rua Kēnana; two Māori men were killed. The community represented a project of autonomy and spiritual life. The raid illustrates...

Gandhi appeared in Motihari court after refusing an order to leave Champaran, supported by local people. Peasants had sought help against coercive indigo cultivation. The campaign challenged...

The inquiry committee held its preliminary meeting after peasants’ resistance and Gandhi’s investigation brought indigo cultivation abuses to public attention. An official inquiry offered a route to...

Thousands of Black men, women, and children marched down Fifth Avenue following racial violence, including killings in East St Louis. Their disciplined silence and placards challenged public...

At a public meeting in Nadiad, peasants were urged not to pay land revenue after crop failures. Collective refusal challenged a colonial revenue system that put demands for payment above...