The Champaran inquiry begins examining peasants’ grievances

The Indian Relief Act abolished the tax on former indentured workers and recognized Indian marriages. These were important gains from collective resistance, including women’s participation. The...

Followers of John Chilembwe attacked European estates in Nyasaland. Grievances included abusive labor conditions and colonial demands on African communities. The uprising combined religious...

Carter G. Woodson and colleagues founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in Chicago. The organization challenged the erasure of Black contributions from education. Producing...

Armed police invaded the Tūhoe settlement of Maungapōhatu and arrested Rua Kēnana; two Māori men were killed. The community represented a project of autonomy and spiritual life. The raid illustrates...

Gandhi appeared in Motihari court after refusing an order to leave Champaran, supported by local people. Peasants had sought help against coercive indigo cultivation. The campaign challenged...

Thousands of Black men, women, and children marched down Fifth Avenue following racial violence, including killings in East St Louis. Their disciplined silence and placards challenged public...

At a public meeting in Nadiad, peasants were urged not to pay land revenue after crop failures. Collective refusal challenged a colonial revenue system that put demands for payment above...

The Pan-African Congress opened in Paris during the peace-conference period. Delegates discussed rights and the future of African peoples under colonial domination. Their international organizing...

A declaration of independence helped launch mass demonstrations against Japanese colonial rule. Protesters asserted Korea’s right to determine its future and rejected imposed political...

Women marched in Cairo during the Egyptian Revolution, asserting their place in the national struggle. Huda Shaarawi’s memoir describes this mobilization. Their participation challenged colonial...