Japan proclaims Manchukuo under military occupation

Gandhi and a group of volunteers set out from Sabarmati toward the Arabian Sea to defy the colonial salt monopoly. Salt taxation burdened ordinary households and made a visible focus for mass protest....

Iraq and Britain signed a treaty that prepared the formal end of the mandate while maintaining British military access, consultation rights, and strategic influence. Iraqi nationalists criticized...

Thousands of peasants marched in Nghệ An demanding lower taxes, land, and an end to colonial and feudal oppression. French forces attacked the demonstration from aircraft, killing and wounding many...

The pact between Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin suspended the civil disobedience campaign and released many political prisoners in exchange for Congress participation in a London conference. It...

Japanese troops used an explosion on the South Manchuria Railway as a pretext to seize Mukden and occupy Manchuria. China appealed to the League of Nations, exposing the weakness of collective...

The League of Nations admitted Iraq as a member, formally ending Britain’s mandate. Independence followed years of revolt and negotiation, but British military rights, treaty obligations, and...

After the League rejected Japan’s claim to Manchuria, Tokyo notified the League that it would withdraw. The notice came two years after the invasion and signaled the limits of an institution unable or...

Italian forces crossed into Ethiopia from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland, beginning a war of conquest. Ethiopia, one of the League’s few African members, appealed for collective action, but...

After clashes and killings, Palestinian national committees called a general strike demanding an end to Jewish immigration and land transfers and the creation of a national government. The strike...

Emperor Haile Selassie addressed the League of Nations after Italy’s invasion and occupation of much of Ethiopia. He warned that abandoning collective security would place every small state at risk....