Arab Revolt begins against Ottoman rule

The Allies completed the evacuation of Gallipoli after the failed attempt to seize the Dardanelles. Ottoman defenders had repelled a campaign involving British, French, Australian, and New Zealand...

After a prolonged campaign through difficult terrain, the last German stronghold at Mora surrendered to Allied forces. African soldiers from British and French colonies were essential to the campaign....

Irish republicans launched an armed uprising in Dublin during the war. British forces suppressed it and executed many leaders, shifting public opinion and strengthening support for independence....

The British-Indian garrison surrendered to Ottoman forces after hunger and disease made further resistance impossible. About 13,000 men entered captivity; many died from illness, malnutrition, and...

Britain and France secretly agreed to divide much of the Ottoman Arab lands into zones of control and influence, with Russian assent. The plan contradicted the spirit of promises made to Arab...

India’s contribution of soldiers, labor, funds, and supplies intensified calls for political change. British wartime promises of gradual self-government were met with limited reforms and continued...

The first contingent of Chinese recruits sailed from Weihaiwei to work for Britain’s war effort. Labourers built roads and railways, unloaded supplies, repaired facilities, and later cleared...

Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, attacking merchant shipping in the war zone. The decision aimed to weaken Britain but helped bring the United States into the conflict. Naval blockade...

A German submarine torpedoed the French transport Athos while it carried Chinese laborers and Senegalese soldiers toward the European war. At least 543 Chinese laborers died, alongside Senegalese...

Following strikes, food protests, and the mutiny of soldiers in Petrograd, Nicholas II abdicated. The collapse of the monarchy was driven by long-standing autocratic rule and social inequality as well...