Dutch forces capture Bonjol fort

The scheduled handovers shifted British-held Bengkulu to the Dutch and Dutch-held Malacca to Britain. The exchange organized European spheres around the Strait of Malacca, disregarding political...

Prince Diponegoro launched a broad rebellion against Dutch intervention in Yogyakarta. A road through his estate was an immediate trigger within deeper grievances over political interference,...

De Kock arrested Diponegoro after inviting him to negotiate under assurances of safe conduct. His capture ended the organized phase of the Java War and enabled more direct Dutch control. Indonesian...

After the Java War drained colonial finances, the Dutch administration under Governor-General Johannes van den Bosch introduced the Cultivation System. Villages were compelled to devote land or...

Dutch-led forces began a sustained siege of the Padri stronghold. The army relied heavily on soldiers recruited from elsewhere in the archipelago, making imperial expansion dependent on unequal...

Dutch officials captured Imam Bonjol under the pretext of negotiations and exiled him far from his homeland. The arrest followed the fall of Bonjol and demonstrates how colonial power operated through...

A group of 18 Chinese workers was contracted in Batavia for Suriname’s Catharina Sophia plantation. This experiment preceded larger schemes designed to replace enslaved labor with bound contract...

The Dutch government appointed a commission to recommend measures concerning enslaved people. The delay that followed reflected plantation influence and state concern with compensation, labor...

The Dutch parliament adopted a basic regulation for colonial government in the East Indies. It extended administrative structures while preserving racialized legal distinctions and state authority....

Forces associated with Antasari attacked Dutch posts at Martapura and Pengaron, beginning a major phase of the Banjar War. Opposition grew from Dutch intervention in succession politics, territorial...