📅 21 February 1821
Some Minangkabau adat leaders signed an agreement inviting Dutch intervention against Padri forces. It reflected internal conflict but also opened a route for Dutch expansion inland. It should not...
📅 16 March 1837
Dutch-led forces began a sustained siege of the Padri stronghold. The army relied heavily on soldiers recruited from elsewhere in the archipelago, making imperial expansion dependent on unequal...
📅 16 August 1837
After a six-month siege, Dutch forces captured Bonjol. Imam Bonjol withdrew rather than surrendering immediately, and resistance continued. The victory extended Dutch power but did not settle the...
📅 25 October 1837
Dutch officials captured Imam Bonjol under the pretext of negotiations and exiled him far from his homeland. The arrest followed the fall of Bonjol and demonstrates how colonial power operated through...
