France and Abd al-Qadir sign the Treaty of Tafna

A French expeditionary force landed at Sidi Fredj, west of Algiers, launching the invasion of the Regency of Algiers. French official accounts often framed the expedition through a diplomatic...

The Dey of Algiers signed the capitulation agreement after French forces captured the city. The treaty included terms concerning the Dey's property, the garrison, and the security of inhabitants,...

French cavalry attacked El Ouffia, a community near Algiers, in a night raid that killed civilians and enabled the seizure of property and livestock. The episode occurred during the consolidation of...

The agreement between French General Desmichels and Emir Abd al-Qadir recognised the Emir's political authority in parts of western Algeria and established a negotiated pause in fighting. Abd al-Qadir...

French troops breached Constantine's defences and captured the city after a costly assault. Ahmed Bey had resisted French expansion in the east and continued resistance after the city fell. The...

French troops crossed the Iron Gates in the Bibans, a passage through territory claimed by Abd al-Qadir under the Treaty of Tafna. The operation aimed to connect French-held Algiers and Constantine,...

Thomas Robert Bugeaud arrived in Algiers as governor-general and issued proclamations to the European settler population and the army. His administration intensified the drive to conquer and secure...

The French cavalry force led by the Duke of Aumale attacked and captured the Smala, the large mobile encampment associated with Abd al-Qadir's government. The camp included families, officials,...

After pursuing Ouled Riah people who had taken refuge in caves in the Dahra, French troops under Colonel Pélissier sealed the entrances and burned fuel, suffocating those inside. The victims...