Historical Organization
Emirate of Abd al-Qadir
Emirate of Abd al-Qadir
Details
Organization Timeline
The Desmichels Treaty recognises Abd al-Qadir's authority in western Algeria
📅 26 February 1834The agreement between French General Desmichels and Emir Abd al-Qadir recognised the Emir's political authority in parts of western Algeria and established a negotiated pause in fighting. Abd al-Qadir...
France and Abd al-Qadir sign the Treaty of Tafna
📅 30 May 1837General Bugeaud and Emir Abd al-Qadir signed the Treaty of Tafna, which recognised the Emir's authority over extensive parts of Algeria while French forces retained key coastal positions. The treaty...
French forces cross the Iron Gates, breaching the Tafna settlement
📅 18 October 1839French troops crossed the Iron Gates in the Bibans, a passage through territory claimed by Abd al-Qadir under the Treaty of Tafna. The operation aimed to connect French-held Algiers and Constantine,...
French forces seize Abd al-Qadir's mobile capital, the Smala
📅 16 May 1843The French cavalry force led by the Duke of Aumale attacked and captured the Smala, the large mobile encampment associated with Abd al-Qadir's government. The camp included families, officials,...
Abd al-Qadir surrenders after years of resistance
📅 23 December 1847Emir Abd al-Qadir surrendered to French forces on 23 December 1847 after receiving assurances that he could travel to the Arab lands of the Ottoman Empire. French authorities instead transported him...