Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins

The Allied governments issued a public declaration confirming Nazi Germany’s policy of exterminating Jews and pledging punishment of those responsible. The statement followed reports from resistance...

When German forces entered the Warsaw ghetto to resume deportations, Jewish underground fighters and civilians resisted. The operation was halted after several days; this January resistance preceded...

Bulgarian occupation forces rounded up more than 7,000 Jews from Skopje and nearby areas and confined them at a tobacco warehouse before deportation to Treblinka. Bulgaria’s wartime record differed by...

German authorities began deporting Salonika’s Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau. Between March and August, more than 45,000 Jews were deported; German occupation authorities exploited local administration...

The first deportation transport from Salonika arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau. This marked the start of a sequence that destroyed one of Europe’s largest Sephardic Jewish communities, whose...

German and Italian forces in Tunisia surrendered to the Allies, ending the Axis occupation and the forced-labor camp period there. Jewish communities emerged from months of coercion and deprivation;...

After weeks of resistance, German forces declared the Warsaw ghetto operation complete and blew up the Great Synagogue as a symbol of destruction. The uprising had been crushed, but Jewish fighters...

Prisoners seized weapons, set parts of the camp on fire, and broke through the perimeter. Around 300 escaped, though many were later captured or killed. The uprising was planned by prisoners who...

German authorities began the final wave of deportations from the Vilna ghetto. Thousands were sent to killing centers, concentration or forced-labor camps, including Sobibor and camps in Estonia and...

Danish citizens, fishers, officials, and resistance networks helped most of Denmark’s Jewish population escape by sea to neutral Sweden after German plans to arrest them became known. The rescue...