Colonial authorities arrest the Big Six after the Accra unrest

An interracial group began the Journey of Reconciliation through the Upper South to test compliance with the Morgan decision. Riders challenged segregated seating and faced arrests and hostility....

Jackie Robinson made his Brooklyn Dodgers debut, breaking the colour barrier in modern Major League Baseball. His entry challenged institutional exclusion from a prominent cultural and economic arena....

India became independent following decades of organizing against British rule. Ending imperial political authority repudiated the assumption that colonized people should be governed by a foreign...

Burma achieved independence after nationalist organizing and negotiations over British withdrawal. The creation of a sovereign state ended formal imperial control over its government. In an...

African veterans marched toward Christiansborg Castle to present demands over promised benefits and pay. Police killed three veterans, and wider unrest followed. The protest confronted unequal...

The Supreme Court held that courts could not enforce racially restrictive housing covenants. J. D. and Ethel Shelley’s legal struggle challenged the use of state power to exclude Black families from...

President Harry Truman issued Executive Order 9981 establishing equality of treatment and opportunity in the armed services regardless of race, colour, religion or national origin. Black veterans...

The General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. It defined crimes against protected groups and obligations to prevent and punish them. Antiracist...

The UN General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Paris. Its principles gave campaigners language for challenging exclusion from political, social and economic rights. The...

Kwame Nkrumah formed the Convention People’s Party in the Gold Coast. Its demand for immediate self-government and mass organizing widened the struggle beyond negotiations among established...