Jackie Robinson breaks Major League Baseball’s modern colour barrier

Viola Desmond refused to leave the main-floor seating reserved for white patrons at the Roseland Theatre in New Glasgow. Police removed and arrested her, and a tax charge was used against her. Her...

General Assembly resolution 44(I) called for the treatment of Indians in South Africa to conform to international obligations and the UN Charter. Indian diplomacy and South African campaigners...

Alfred Xuma, Monty Naicker and Yusuf Dadoo signed a joint declaration of cooperation between the ANC and the Natal and Transvaal Indian Congresses. The pact sought coordinated struggle against...

An armed uprising began in Madagascar against French colonial domination. French forces responded with severe repression, including torture and summary executions. The struggle challenged the right of...

An interracial group began the Journey of Reconciliation through the Upper South to test compliance with the Morgan decision. Riders challenged segregated seating and faced arrests and hostility....

India became independent following decades of organizing against British rule. Ending imperial political authority repudiated the assumption that colonized people should be governed by a foreign...

Burma achieved independence after nationalist organizing and negotiations over British withdrawal. The creation of a sovereign state ended formal imperial control over its government. In an...

African veterans marched toward Christiansborg Castle to present demands over promised benefits and pay. Police killed three veterans, and wider unrest followed. The protest confronted unequal...

The colonial governor ordered the arrest of six leading United Gold Coast Convention figures after unrest following the veterans’ shootings. The detained leaders became known as the Big Six. Their...

The Supreme Court held that courts could not enforce racially restrictive housing covenants. J. D. and Ethel Shelley’s legal struggle challenged the use of state power to exclude Black families from...