A transplant milestone occurs under apartheid

9 May 1960

The development included trials among women in Puerto Rico and raises questions about consent and power.

9 May 1960

The decision did not guarantee that every woman could obtain contraception or decide freely whether to use it.

3 December 1967

Barnard led a large Groote Schuur Hospital team in the first human-to-human heart transplant.

3 December 1967

The patient was given the heart of Denise Darvall, who had died after a road accident.

3 December 1967

Nurses, surgeons, anesthetists, technicians and laboratory staff were needed for the procedure.

3 December 1967

The surgery was performed in South Africa’s segregated medical system; its wider social context belongs in the history.

4 October 1971

In animal tests, qinghao sample 191 inhibited malaria parasites in rodents with striking effectiveness.

4 October 1971

The team drew on traditional medical texts while developing an ethyl-ether extraction method.

4 October 1971

The 4 October finding was preclinical; later research was required before artemisinin could be used in patients.

4 October 1971

Tu described this exact observation date in her Nobel biographical account, crediting the wider Project 523 effort.

23 May 1974

Its resolution launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization to extend routine childhood protection.

People in this event