A Chinese team takes a pivotal malaria step

Nurses, surgeons, anesthetists, technicians and laboratory staff were needed for the procedure.

The surgery was performed in South Africa’s segregated medical system; its wider social context belongs in the history.

In animal tests, qinghao sample 191 inhibited malaria parasites in rodents with striking effectiveness.

The team drew on traditional medical texts while developing an ethyl-ether extraction method.

The 4 October finding was preclinical; later research was required before artemisinin could be used in patients.

Its resolution launched the Expanded Programme on Immunization to extend routine childhood protection.

The programme sought to widen access to vaccines against major childhood diseases.

The resolution called for stronger national programmes, supplies and trained health workers.

The 1974 resolution provided a basis for subsequent national immunization efforts.

Ali Maow Maalin developed the rash of the last known naturally occurring smallpox case.