Leonard Thompson receives an early insulin extract

The work depended on Indian settings, patients and assistants, although standard retellings often focus almost entirely on Ross.

In Lassance, he found the parasite now called Trypanosoma cruzi in the blood of two-year-old Berenice.

The young patient was the first documented human case of the disease later named after Chagas.

Chagas connected a parasitic organism, an insect vector and a human case in his research.

The 14 April diagnosis preceded later research into the diverse long-term effects of Chagas disease.

The initial extract had only limited effect and caused a local reaction; a successful improved treatment followed later.

Leonard Thompson was the first human recipient in this Toronto research program.

The 11 January trial should not be confused with the more effective purified extract given on 23 January.

After the earlier limited-response injection, a preparation purified by Collip produced a marked improvement.

The second series of injections substantially reduced symptoms and biochemical evidence of diabetes.