Authorities remove the Broad Street pump handle

The demonstration showed that ether could reduce pain; the quality and completeness of Abbott’s anesthesia have been debated.

At a gathering in Edinburgh, Simpson, Keith and Duncan inhaled chloroform and observed its anesthetic effects.

The dated self-experiment helped lead to chloroform use in surgery and childbirth, with safety risks recognized later.

The testing involved several participants; its subsequent publicity focused heavily on Simpson.

The 4 November episode concerned preliminary self-testing, not a documented operation on a patient.

The removal was a public-health response to a concentrated Soho outbreak.

His household interviews and mapping supplied evidence for the decision to stop using the pump.

The outbreak had already begun to subside when the handle was removed; the episode supported later work on waterborne disease.

He used carbolic-acid-soaked lint on eleven-year-old James Greenlees’s open leg fracture.

James Greenlees was the patient whose case became central to Lister’s early account of antiseptic surgery.