Free Black woman Ana de Guevara receives half a lot

Caracas cabildo records discussed lots given to Black and mulatto residents and later listed lots they purchased. The minutes offer evidence of Black and mixed-race residents making claims to urban...

Caracas cabildo minutes recorded an enslaved Black woman belonging to Andrés García as suffering from Hansen’s disease, then called the disease of Saint Lazarus. The brief entry places a woman’s...

A Cocorote mine register recorded a birth on 9 August 1643 in a ledger titled “Memoria de los negros y negras que nacen en mi tiempo.” The child’s name is not preserved in the published summary. The...

Francisca González, identified as a free mulatta, petitioned Caracas’s cabildo for half a lot; the council granted it. Her successful claim shows a free woman of African descent negotiating for...

The Cocorote mine record of births lists a child born on 15 May 1646. No name or details of the parents survive in the published summary. Read alongside the other dated entries in the same register,...

Juana de Villanueva, identified in Caracas records as a free Black woman, petitioned the cabildo for a portion of a lot. Her request appears in the same set of municipal records that register other...

A Caracas officer reported that on 4 June an enslaved man belonging to alcalde Pedro Hurtado Monasterios delivered a paper warning that thirteen enemy ships were expected on the coast. The cabildo...

A census of the Chama Valley listed enslaved people by estate and recorded marriages, children, and family ties. It also noted spouses living in Mérida or on another property, showing how ownership...

A census dated 19 November covered enslaved Black men in the towns of Tucani and Torondoy, in the jurisdiction of Mérida. The record’s date and place connect the counting of enslaved people to rural...

A census for the Valle del Río de Castro, within Mérida’s jurisdiction, listed twenty-one enslaved Black men across estates. Some entries preserve names, kin relationships, and African or locally born...