Colonial authorities impose arrests and surveillance

Tula sends Mercier back to Knip to bring those who stayed behind into the revolt. Mercier succeeds in mobilizing them and finding weapons. Other messengers seek support and information in the upper...

Captain Van Westerholt sets out for Porto Mari with a military detachment. The colonial state quickly organizes armed suppression and also deploys free Black and mixed-race men in an earlier...

Father Schinck meets Tula at Porto Mari and hears his demand for freedom and equality, drawing on France’s abolition of slavery and its occupation of the Netherlands. Tula argues that all people...

After negotiations fail, colonial soldiers and marines attack the position at Porto Mari. The rebels withdraw toward Grote Berg and Fonteijn. Some are killed or captured. Colonial accounts present the...

Reports say enslaved people from Savonet, St. Jeronimo, Zorgvlied, Wakauw, and Hato joined the revolt. The spread shows that resistance was not confined to one plantation. The colonial council...

The rebels gather on Grote Berg near Fonteijn and use the terrain to repel colonial attacks. The colonial commander postpones an assault because of the steep slope and the defensible position. The...

Hira’s overview lists eight enslaved people hanged on 27 August. The swift executions show how colonial justice used punishment to deter resistance, while the system of slavery itself remained...

Hira’s overview lists four executions on 4 September. Repression continued after organized resistance had been broken; punishment and terror were used to restore plantation order.

Further death sentences followed on 10 September, including strangulation and breaking on the wheel. The punishments show how colonial authorities used public bodily terror against people who had...

The governor reports that a general search has failed to capture Tula and Carpatta. The authorities grow frustrated and fear that the leaders can be caught only by deception. The search shows both the...