After voters endorsed independence on 1 July, France formally recognized Algerian independence on 3 July; celebrations were held on 5 July. The date marked the end of 132 years of French rule, but the transition was accompanied by continued violence, mass departures of European settlers, and killings of Harkis. Independence was a decisive victory, not a clean or equal settlement.
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Why is 5 July remembered in Algeria?
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Explanation
After a referendum and French recognition, independence celebrations were held on 5 July.
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