China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary

Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare, attacking merchant shipping in the war zone. The decision aimed to weaken Britain but helped bring the United States into the conflict. Naval blockade...

A German submarine torpedoed the French transport Athos while it carried Chinese laborers and Senegalese soldiers toward the European war. At least 543 Chinese laborers died, alongside Senegalese...

Following strikes, food protests, and the mutiny of soldiers in Petrograd, Nicholas II abdicated. The collapse of the monarchy was driven by long-standing autocratic rule and social inequality as well...

The U.S. Congress declared war after submarine warfare and the Zimmermann Telegram crisis. U.S. entry altered the balance of resources and reinforced the Allied victory, while President Wilson...

The first British-recruited Chinese laborers reached Plymouth after a dangerous journey across the Pacific and Canada. Their arrival marked a largely hidden contribution to Allied logistics. Workers...

The British government expressed support for a Jewish national home in Palestine while stating that the rights of existing non-Jewish communities should not be prejudiced. Palestinians had no...

Bolsheviks took power in Petrograd amid mass opposition to the war, land inequality, and hunger. The revolution led to Russia’s withdrawal from the war and inspired socialist movements worldwide,...

The influenza pandemic spread through a world reorganized by troop movements, crowded camps, censorship, and disrupted public health. Its exact mortality remains debated, but it killed millions...

President Woodrow Wilson presented a program including open diplomacy, national self-determination, and a League of Nations. The principles inspired colonized and stateless peoples, but Wilson’s...

The Act granted the vote to women over 30 who met property or educational qualifications, while most men over 21 gained the vote. Women’s wartime labor and decades of suffrage activism shaped the...