Allied evacuation ends the Gallipoli campaign

Japan’s ultimatum forced China to accept revised terms after months of negotiations over the Twenty-One Demands. The agreement strengthened Japanese influence in China while provoking public anger and...

Britain, France, and Russia issued a joint statement describing the Ottoman violence against Armenians as crimes against humanity and civilization. The phrase entered international discourse, but...

German forces surrendered after South African troops occupied the colony during a campaign aimed partly at denying Germany ports and wireless stations. The territory was later placed under South...

Socialists from across Europe met at Zimmerwald to oppose the war and call for peace. The manifesto linked the conflict to imperial competition and condemned the burden placed on workers and oppressed...

Ottoman troops surrounded the British-Indian force at Kut in Mesopotamia after its retreat from Ctesiphon. The siege exposed the cost of an imperial campaign supplied and fought largely by Indian...

After a prolonged campaign through difficult terrain, the last German stronghold at Mora surrendered to Allied forces. African soldiers from British and French colonies were essential to the campaign....

Irish republicans launched an armed uprising in Dublin during the war. British forces suppressed it and executed many leaders, shifting public opinion and strengthening support for independence....

The British-Indian garrison surrendered to Ottoman forces after hunger and disease made further resistance impossible. About 13,000 men entered captivity; many died from illness, malnutrition, and...

Britain and France secretly agreed to divide much of the Ottoman Arab lands into zones of control and influence, with Russian assent. The plan contradicted the spirit of promises made to Arab...

Sharif Hussein’s forces began the Arab Revolt with British support. Arab leaders sought independence, while British and French officials made overlapping and contradictory wartime commitments,...