The 1796 law distinguishes voluntary and compelled participation

On a later voyage, the Old Dick arrived at Grenada after taking people at Loango. The record reports 350 embarked and 344 landed. The repeated use of the same vessel shows how commercial networks...

Julien Fédon and allied French-speaking free people, alongside enslaved participants, launched coordinated attacks on Gouyave and Grenville. Historians describe the uprising as a revolt against...

On 5 March 1795, acting governor Kenneth Mackenzie issued a bilingual proclamation offering amnesty to rebels who had not committed murder and threatening punishment to those who resisted. The...

British forces attacked Fédon’s fortified camp at Belvedere. The attack failed. Local historian John Angus Martin records that rebels subsequently executed more than 40 British hostages, including...

On 7 June 1796 Grenada’s assembly enacted a law for trying enslaved people suspected of involvement in the ongoing rebellion. It distinguished people said to have acted willingly from those said to...

Clause II required a captured or surrendered enslaved person to be brought before a justice of the peace for examination as soon as convenient. The justice could examine the person and witnesses,...

Under clause II, a justice could commit an enslaved person to gaol or another secure place if an examination created “just grounds to suspect” guilt or if the person was deemed dangerous and unfit...

The commander in chief could direct three or more justices to hold a trial, and those justices summoned five “respectable white persons” from the parish or adjoining parishes as jurors. Three were...

Clause II says a prisoner pleading not guilty could make a “full defence,” personally or through another person. Yet the jury was only three white men, sentences were declared final and conclusive...

Clause II declared the evidence of enslaved people “good and sufficient proof” for or against one another in trials under the act. If a material witness was absent, justices could adjourn for...