Charles X issues an ordinance tying French recognition to an indemnity

A constitutional act transformed Christophe’s northern state into the Kingdom of Haiti. He was crowned Henry I on 2 June. Christophe’s government built schools, fortifications, and state institutions,...

President Alexandre Pétion received Simón Bolívar in Haiti after the independence struggle in Venezuela had suffered setbacks. Haiti offered refuge and promised material support for a renewed...

Following Haitian assistance, Bolívar issued an emancipation decree in Carúpano, Venezuela, on 2 June 1816. The decree did not immediately end slavery throughout the region, but it reflected the...

After illness, paralysis, and growing opposition, Henry Christophe died on 8 October 1820 as unrest spread through the northern kingdom. His death opened the way for the northern state to rejoin the...

Jean-Pierre Boyer entered Cap-Haïtien and issued a proclamation calling for national unity after Christophe’s death and the collapse of the northern monarchy. The northern state joined the republic,...

President Jean-Pierre Boyer accepted the French terms on 11 July after negotiations conducted under the threat of a naval force. France recognized Haitian independence, but Haiti was required to...