The Indigenous Army under Jean-Jacques Dessalines and François Capois defeated Rochambeau’s forces at Vertières near Cap-Français. The victory followed years of resistance, epidemic disease, and military attrition, and forced French authorities to negotiate evacuation. It was a decisive achievement of formerly enslaved people and their allies, securing the path to independence.
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What political message did the November 1803 declaration express?
The November declaration vowed that Saint-Domingue would not return to French domination.
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Splikashon
The text made a clear political commitment to freedom from French rule.