đź“… 18 November 1803
Haitian forces defeated the French at Vertières in a decisive battle preceding independence. People who had fought slavery defended their freedom against renewed colonial domination. Their military...
đź“… 1 January 1804
Jean-Jacques Dessalines proclaimed Haiti’s independence after years of collective struggle. Formerly enslaved people had defeated attempts to restore French domination. Independence protected...
đź“… 20 May 1805
Haiti adopted a constitution prohibiting slavery and naming its citizens Black. The declaration challenged colonial color divisions and asserted dignity after independence. This political rejection of...
