Decree 528 declared entry generally open to people considered able to work, but excepted Indigenous people from Asia and Africa, who could enter only with authorization from Congress under separately set conditions. In the wake of abolition, the Republic wrote racialized migration rules into law while subsidizing immigration and reorganizing labor. The provision is direct evidence of exclusion; it does not by itself describe every immigration practice or the experience of every Black Brazilian.
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What did Decree 528 provide about Asian and African entry?
Article 1 excepted people described as Indigenous to Asia or Africa from the general entry rule, requiring Congressional authorization.
Decree 528’s general entry rule had an exception for people described as Indigenous to Asia or Africa.
The decree required additional Congressional authorization for their admission.