The Republic criminalizes capoeira in its penal code

On 10 May 1888, the Chamber of Deputies approved the proposal to abolish slavery. The rapid vote followed decades of Black resistance and a late-1880s surge in abolitionist mobilization. Parliamentary...

On 11 May 1888, the proposal approved by the Chamber reached the Senate, where a special committee was formed to report on it. The expedited review brought the question to its final legislative stage....

On 13 May 1888, the Senate approved the abolition bill and Princess Regent Isabel sanctioned Law no. 3,353, the Lei Áurea. Its two brief articles ended slavery in law across Brazil. The law did not...

In Fortaleza, the abolitionist association Perseverança e Porvir held a public session celebrating the end of slavery in Brazil. The meeting, attended by representatives of different social groups,...

Decree 528 declared entry generally open to people considered able to work, but excepted Indigenous people from Asia and Africa, who could enter only with authorization from Congress under...

The republican Penal Code of 1890 made practices described by the state as spiritism, magic, or unauthorized healing punishable under provisions on public order and health. It did not name Candomblé...

The Constitution promulgated on 24 February 1891 created the republican framework but excluded illiterate people and beggars from voting. The text did not name race as a voting criterion, yet the...

O Exemplo began publication in Porto Alegre on 11 December 1892. Produced by Black journalists and community members, it challenged racist representations and reported on the interests,...

Decree 1,637 provided a legal framework for professional unions and associations of workers and employers. It opened one route for collective organization, but legal recognition did not erase state...

On the night of 22 November 1910, sailors seized major warships in Guanabara Bay and demanded an end to corporal punishment, improved conditions, and amnesty. João Cândido Felisberto became a...