On 4 September 1839, Manuel Congo was hanged in Vassouras after the trial of participants in the 1838 escape and uprising. Authorities denied him burial as an additional public punishment. The trial sentenced other men to whipping and shackles, while women captured in the same events were acquitted. These unequal outcomes show the gendered structure of colonial punishment and the use of spectacle to deter future flight. The fugitives’ collective action had already exposed the limits of slaveholder control.
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How was Manuel Congo punished on 4 September 1839?
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The execution and denial of burial were meant as public deterrence.
The captured women in the Vassouras case were all sentenced to death.
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The municipal account says the women were acquitted, while Manuel Congo was hanged.