Law no. 601 of 18 September 1850 defined rules for public lands and regularizing existing occupation. It restricted new land claims through occupation alone and made purchase central to access to public lands. The law did not explicitly name Black people as its sole target, but in a society where formerly enslaved people had little capital and Indigenous communities faced state encroachment, market-based access favored wealthy landholders and strengthened concentrated property. It must be read alongside the end of the transatlantic slave trade and elite efforts to organize land and labor.
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What was a key feature of the 1850 Land Law?
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The law made purchase central to public land access, favoring those with resources.