The Marcha Zumbi brings Black demands to Brasília

On 7 July 1978, Black activists and allies gathered on the steps of São Paulo’s Municipal Theater to denounce racial discrimination, including racist violence and exclusion in sport. The demonstration...

The heritage council approved federal listing for Ilê Axé Iyá Nassô Oká, known as Terreiro da Casa Branca, in Salvador. The decision followed a divisive debate over whether an Afro-Brazilian sacred...

Law 7,668 authorized the Fundação Cultural Palmares to preserve and promote Afro-Brazilian cultural values. Created during the transition from military rule, it gave Black cultural memory a national...

Promulgated on 5 October 1988 after the dictatorship, the Constitution made racism a crime without bail or statute of limitations and recognized definitive property rights for remnant quilombo...

Law 7,716 made specified acts of racial discrimination criminal offences. Named for Black congressman Carlos Alberto Caó de Oliveira, it followed constitutional recognition that racism was a crime....

The Boa Vista community in Oriximiná, Pará, received the first collective title granted to a quilombola territory in Brazil. The title emerged through years of community organizing and advocacy,...

Law 9,459 amended Brazil’s anti-discrimination statute to include prejudice based on ethnicity, religion, and national origin alongside race and color. For Afro-Brazilian communities, this offered a...

Decree 3,551 established federal registers for forms of expression, ways of doing, places, and celebrations considered Brazilian intangible heritage, alongside a national program for safeguarding...

The World Conference against Racism adopted the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, a major global framework that names slavery and the transatlantic slave trade among grave human-rights...

Decree 3,912 set federal procedures for recognition and titling and tied eligibility to occupation on 5 October 1988, the date of the Constitution’s promulgation. This restrictive time test narrowed...