Law 9,459 explicitly includes religion in anti-discrimination law

Law 7,668 authorized the Fundação Cultural Palmares to preserve and promote Afro-Brazilian cultural values. Created during the transition from military rule, it gave Black cultural memory a national...

Promulgated on 5 October 1988 after the dictatorship, the Constitution made racism a crime without bail or statute of limitations and recognized definitive property rights for remnant quilombo...

Law 7,716 made specified acts of racial discrimination criminal offences. Named for Black congressman Carlos Alberto Caó de Oliveira, it followed constitutional recognition that racism was a crime....

On 20 November 1995, Black organizations from across Brazil marched in Brasília in the Marcha Zumbi dos Palmares contra o Racismo, pela Cidadania e a Vida. Held 300 years after Zumbi’s death, the...

The Boa Vista community in Oriximiná, Pará, received the first collective title granted to a quilombola territory in Brazil. The title emerged through years of community organizing and advocacy,...

Decree 3,551 established federal registers for forms of expression, ways of doing, places, and celebrations considered Brazilian intangible heritage, alongside a national program for safeguarding...

The World Conference against Racism adopted the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action, a major global framework that names slavery and the transatlantic slave trade among grave human-rights...

Decree 3,912 set federal procedures for recognition and titling and tied eligibility to occupation on 5 October 1988, the date of the Constitution’s promulgation. This restrictive time test narrowed...

Rio de Janeiro State Law 3,708 established a quota of up to 40 percent for Black and Brown applicants at the State University of Rio de Janeiro and the State University of Northern Fluminense. The...

Federal Decree 4,228 created a National Programme of Affirmative Actions within the federal public administration. It directed federal agencies to promote participation by groups facing discrimination...