On 30 January 1881, jangadeiros in Fortaleza, including Francisco José do Nascimento (Chico da Matilde, later known as Dragão do Mar) and Antônio Napoleão, refused to carry enslaved people from shore to ships bound for sale elsewhere. Their work stoppage obstructed the coastal trade and asserted workers’ power over the port. This was collective Black labor action, not a gift from politicians; the refusal helped make the Ceará campaign a mass struggle against the forced sale and transfer of people.
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What did Fortaleza jangadeiros do in January 1881?
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Their refusal blocked a link in the forced transfer and sale of enslaved people.
The Fortaleza jangadeiros’ action in January 1881 was a parliamentary vote.
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It was a labor refusal by port workers who would not transport enslaved people to ships.