Kota Gede brings the final recorded Javanese migration group

On 27 July 1902, a group of reed cutters refused a work task paid at 15 cents per bed. Management proposed a higher rate for the longest beds, but workers considered the offer inadequate. Their...

On 29 July 1902, Mariënburg director James Mavor was killed during the escalating labor conflict. The uprising followed months of wage reductions, heavy work, and disputes over task rates. Mavor’s...

On 30 July 1902, after arrests following Mavor’s death, workers moved toward the plantation office. Colonial troops opened fire. Seventeen people died immediately and seven more later died of their...

The Dewa arrived on 24 May 1916 with the final recorded group of Hindostani contract workers from British India. More than 34,000 people had arrived under the recruitment system since 1873. The...

On 10 January 1917, the Javanese ship Rotti arrived in Suriname with a new cohort of contract workers. The date came months after the final Hindostani ship, showing that the colonial labor system...