El-Mokrani declares armed resistance in a letter to French officers

French forces began the major 1857 campaign to impose colonial control over Kabylia, a mountainous region where local communities had maintained substantial autonomy. Kabyle contingents mobilised in...

Kabyle fighters defended the position at Icheriden against a French assault during the 1857 campaign. The battle was intense and costly; the French military account gives the conquerors'...

French troops captured Lalla Fatma N'Soumer, a Kabyle spiritual and political leader who had become a prominent figure in resistance to the conquest. Her capture came after military operations against...

The Senatus-Consulte of 22 April 1863 initiated a major programme to delimit and register land in Algeria. It nominally recognised some collective property while requiring territorial boundaries to be...

Bachagha Mohammed el-Mokrani initiated an armed uprising against the colonial administration in the Medjana region. The revolt developed amid military defeat in France, colonial reorganisation,...

Cheikh Aheddad, leader of the Rahmaniyya religious order, publicly called for participation in the revolt against French rule. The appeal helped turn the uprising into a wider movement involving rural...

French troops confronted and halted insurgent forces advancing from Palestro toward Algiers at Alma. The battle took place within the wider 1871 uprising, whose reach alarmed colonial authorities....

Governor-General de Gueydon proclaimed a state of siege as the revolt spread. The emergency measure widened military powers over civilians and territories and enabled repression under the language...

Mohammed el-Mokrani died during combat near Oued Soufflat as French forces pursued suppression of the revolt. His death did not immediately end the uprising; his brother Boumezrag and other insurgents...

A French decree formalised confiscation of land from Algerian communities and insurgents after the 1871 uprising. Confiscations, fines, displacement, and settlement policy converted military defeat...