French forces capture Lalla Fatma N'Soumer

After pursuing Ouled Riah people who had taken refuge in caves in the Dahra, French troops under Colonel Pélissier sealed the entrances and burned fuel, suffocating those inside. The victims...

Emir Abd al-Qadir surrendered to French forces on 23 December 1847 after receiving assurances that he could travel to the Arab lands of the Ottoman Empire. French authorities instead transported him...

After a prolonged siege, French forces stormed the fortified oasis of Zaatcha, where local resistance had rallied under Cheikh Bouziane. The assault ended in mass killing and the destruction of...

French forces began the major 1857 campaign to impose colonial control over Kabylia, a mountainous region where local communities had maintained substantial autonomy. Kabyle contingents mobilised in...

Kabyle fighters defended the position at Icheriden against a French assault during the 1857 campaign. The battle was intense and costly; the French military account gives the conquerors'...

The Senatus-Consulte of 22 April 1863 initiated a major programme to delimit and register land in Algeria. It nominally recognised some collective property while requiring territorial boundaries to be...

Bachagha Mohammed el-Mokrani initiated an armed uprising against the colonial administration in the Medjana region. The revolt developed amid military defeat in France, colonial reorganisation,...

In a letter to French military officials, El-Mokrani declared that he would fight and called on people to take up arms. The letter provides a dated record of the uprising's political decision and...

Cheikh Aheddad, leader of the Rahmaniyya religious order, publicly called for participation in the revolt against French rule. The appeal helped turn the uprising into a wider movement involving rural...

French troops confronted and halted insurgent forces advancing from Palestro toward Algiers at Alma. The battle took place within the wider 1871 uprising, whose reach alarmed colonial authorities....